Table 3.

Means, standard deviations, and correlations among the study variables (PCF ≤ 4.7).

Variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4
(1) Competence frustration in the preceding course	2.61	1.18	1
(2) Intrinsic motivation in the preceding course	4.67	1.17	-0.452∗∗	1
(3) Competence frustration in the history course	2.52	1.35	-0.407∗∗	0.158∗∗	1
(4) Intrinsic motivation in the history course	4.55	1.2	-0.171∗∗	0.155∗∗	-0.422∗∗	1

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. N = 539.