Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of 546 MS patients and 175 HCs.
| HCs (n = 175) | PPMS (n = 19) | RRMS (n = 391) | SPMS (n = 136) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 42.5 ± 15.4 | 51.8 ± 13.9 | 38.8 ± 9.5 | 54.7 ± 10.1 |
| Sex (% female) | 76.6 | 57.9 | 70.8 | 66.9 |
| Disease duration (mean years ± SD) | – | 11.2 ± 7.9 | 8.8 ± 7.1 | 22.9 ± 10 |
| Treatment duration 1st line (mean years ± SD) | – | 2.3 ± 4.7 | 2.7 ± 3.7 | 5.5 ± 6.1 |
| Treatment duration 2nd line (mean years ± SD) | – | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 1.2 ± 2.3 |
| EDSS at baseline [median (IQR)] | – | 6 (2) | 2 (1.5) | 5.5 (2.5) |
| SDMT at baseline [median (IQR)] | – | 50 (11) | 57 (15) | 47 (27) |
| MS Impact Scale 29 at baseline [mean (±SD)] | ||||
| Physical scale | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | |
| Psychological scale | – | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.9 |
| Previous history of ON in one eye (%) | – | 0 | 18.8 | 15.4 |
| Previous history of ON in both eyes (%) | – | 0 | 6.6 | 4.4 |
HCs, healthy controls; RRMS, relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis; SPMS, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; ON, optic neuritis; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; MSIS, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale; DMTs, disease modifying treatments.
First-line DMTs include the following: interferon beta 1a and 1b and glatiramer acetate. Second-line DMTs include the following: natalizumab, fingolimod, and rituximab.