TABLE 3.

miRNAs in the regulation of immune responses and epigenetics in melanoma

miRNA	Function	Expression of miRNA	Target	Reference
miR-30b and miR-30d	Cell invasion and Immune suppression	Upregulation	GalNAc transferases	Gaziel-Sovran et al. (2011)
miR-34a and miR-34c	Regulation of innate immunity	Upregulation	NKG2DL ULBP2	Heinemann et al. (2012)
miR-494	Tumor-expanded MDSCs	Upregulation	PTEN	Liu et al. (2012b)
miR-302c and miR-520c	Natural killer cell-mediated toxicity to tumor cells	Downregulation	NKG2D, MICA/B, and ULBP2	Min et al. (2013)
miR-155	Melanoma immune escape	Upregulation	IL-1β, MITF-M	Arts et al. (2015)
miR-375	Cell proliferation, invasion, and cell motility	Epigenetic regulation	Minimal CpG island methylation in melanocytes, keratinocytes, normal skin and nevus Hypermethylation of CpG island in patients primary, regional, distant and nodular metastatic melanoma tissues	Mazar et al. (2011a)
miR-34b	Cell invasion and motility	Epigenetic regulation	CpG island methylation	Mazar et al. (2011b)
miR-182	Epigenetic modulation	Upregulation	CpG island hypermethylation	Liu et al. (2013a)
miR-148a	Regulation of DNA methylation	Downregulation	TGIF2	Tian et al. (2015)
miR-26, miR-29 and miR-203	Melanocyte transformation/antioncogenic	Epigenetic regulation	Dnmt3b CREB1/MITF/RAB27a	Gasque Schoof et al. (2015), Noguchi et al. (2015, 2016)

MDSC, myeloid derived suppressor cell.