TABLE 5.

miRNAs in melanoma apoptosis and melanoma therapy

miRNA	Function	Expression of miRNA	Target	Reference
miR-15b, miR-205, miR-149*, miR-155, miR-21, miR-26a	Apoptosis induction	Upregulation of 15b, 149* and 21 Downregulation of 155, 205, and 26a	E2F1 (205), SODD (26a), GSK-3α (149*), SKI (155), PDCD4 (21), SPRY1 (21) and PTEN (21)	Satzger et al. (2010, 2012), Dar et al. (2011), Jin et al. (2011), Levati et al. (2011), Reuland et al. (2013), Jiao et al. (2015), Mao et al. (2017)
miR-21	Inhibition of growth and augmentation of chemo- and radiosensitivity	Upregulation	Bax/Bcl-2 ratio	Jiang et al. (2012)
miR-15/16, miR-41/200a, miR-96/182 family of miRNAs and miR-203	Inhibition of cell viability	Downregulation	Survivin	Poell et al. (2012)
miR-125b, miR-7b, miR-29c	Regulation of mechanisms of action of Temsirolimus and Bevacizumab combination	Differential expression after treatment with temsirolimus and bevacizumab combination	AKT, CCND1, DNMT3A/B	Wagenseller et al. 2013
miR-659-3p	Predicts clinical outcome of carboplatin/paclitaxel-based therapy	Differential expression based on PFS	NFIX	Villaruz et al. (2015)
miR-514a	Modulates BRAFi sensitivity	Overexpression	NF1	Stark et al. (2015)
miR-32	Tumor suppressor and exhibit synergistic effects with vemurafenib	Poor expression	MCL-1	Mishra et al. (2016)
miR-579-3p	Resistance to targeted therapy	Low expression (downregulation)	BRAF, MDM2	Fattore et al. (2016)
miR-7	Reversal of resistance to targeted therapy	Downregulation	EGFR/IGF-1R/CRAF	Sun et al. (2016)
miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b	Restoration of resistance to vemurafenib	High expression (upregulation)	CCL-2	Vergani et al. (2016)

GSK-3α, glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; PFS, progression free survival; SODD, silencer of death domain.