Table 2.

Summary of clinical trials of colchicine in knee OA.

Reference	Country, centers	Study design	Subject	n	Intervention	FU (weeks)	Outcome
Das et al. (59)	India, SC	RCT, DB, SC	OA knee with inflammation –Despite NSAIDs –All had IA steroid	39	Colchicine 0.5 mg bid vs. placebo	20	Positive Higher proportion achieved 30% improvement –Index knee VAS-pain (69 vs. 15%) –KGMC scores (74 vs. 45%)
Das et al. (60)	India, SC	RCT, DB, SC	Primary OA knee Addition to NSAID	36	Colchicine 0.5 mg bid vs. placebo	20	Positive Higher proportion achieved 30% improvement –Index knee VAS-pain (52.6 vs. 17.6%) –WOMAC (57.9 vs. 23.5%)
Aran et al. (61)	Iran, SC	RCT, DB	Primary OA knee Women, postmenopausal	61	Colchicine 0.5 mg bid vs. placebo	16	Positive –Less paracetamol consumption –Better patient global assessment –(11.14 ± 4.06 vs. 3.14 ± 2.18, p < 0.0001) –Better physician global assessment –(9.83 ± 3.8 vs. 3.72 ± 3.35, p < 0.0001)
Leung et al. (62) NCT02176460	Singapore, SC	RCT, DB	Primary OA knee	109	Colchicine 0.5 mg bid vs. placebo	16	Negative –No significant difference in proportion achieving primary end point (30% reduction in WOMAC) –(39 vs. 49%, p = 0.284) –Treatment significantly reduced serum hs-CRP and synovial fluid CTXI

OA, osteoarthritis; RCT, randomized controlled trial; DB, double-blinded; SC, single center; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; IA, intra-articular; vs., versus; bid, twice daily; VAS, visual analog scale; KGMC, total King George’s Medical College (KGMC) scale; WOMAC, total Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; CTXI, cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen.