Accumulation of dsRNA in infected cells triggers the increase in NKG2DL expression induced by viral infection.
A, fibroblasts were infected with the indicated viruses and qPCR was used to assay changes in MICA, ULBP2, and IFI16 expression (3 experiments). B, fibroblasts were infected with the VVE3LΔ26C virus and then treated with either araC or the RNA Pol III inhibitor. qRT-PCR was used to assay MICA, ULBP2, and A17 expression. For MICA and ULBP2 the results are expressed as fold-change in gene expression compared with uninfected cells. For A17 the data are represented as a fraction of untreated control. The data presented are representative of four experiments with the VVE3LΔ26C virus. Similar data were obtained in experiments where VVΔE3L-infected fibroblasts were treated with these inhibitors. C, fibroblasts were infected with the indicated viruses and then qRT-PCR was used to assay MICA, ULBP2, and A17 expression, as described above. The data presented are representative of four experiments. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.