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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017 Nov 4;40:40–45. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.10.010

Table 1. Proven virulence traits of Mucorales.

Virulence trait Function References
High affinity iron permease (Ftr1p) Acquisition of host iron [51,57]
Ferrioxamine receptors (Fob1 and Fob2) Acquisition of iron from ferrioxamine [52]
Fungal Spore coating protein (CotH) Invasion of the endothelium [47]
Host Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) Invasion of the endothelium [46,49]
Host Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) Invasion of host cells [48]
Spore size Faster germination [25]
calcineurin pathway Regulation of hyphal growth [23,58]
Uncharacterized toxins Host cell damage and possible induction of inflammatory response [32,44]