Figure 1.

Representative staining for CD68 in subcutaneous adipose tissue sections from (a) a healthy control and (b) a lean chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient. Positive (brown) staining indicated with arrows. Bar = 20 μm. Original magnification ×40. (c) Infiltration of CD68-positive inflammatory cells (number of positive cells per 10-mm² tissue area) in adipose tissue of control subjects (n = 9, gray fill) and patients with CKD (n = 14, blue fill). *P < 0.05 for the difference between groups. (d) Comparison of collagen content in adipose tissue of controls (n = 10, gray fill) and CKD patients (n = 14, blue fill). (e) Adipocyte size comparison between controls (n = 9, gray fill) and patients with kidney failure (n = 13, blue fill). The average number of cells counted was 71 ± 34 per individual. **P < 0.01 for the difference between groups (Mann−Whitney U test). Box plots represent median (within-box line), minimum, and maximum values (whiskers).