Table 2.
Comparison of parameters before and after training between the intervention (n = 14) and control groups (n = 14).
| Parameter | Group | Pre | Post | Group × time | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F-value | p value | ||
| TGS (kg) | Intervention | 7.58 | 1.25 | 11.82 | 2.51∗∗† | 12.53 | 0.00 |
| Control | 7.03 | 1.31 | 8.29 | 2.08∗ | |||
|
| |||||||
| TF (cm) | Intervention | 3.31 | 0.52 | 3.80 | 0.62∗∗ | 5.84 | 0.02 |
| Control | 3.42 | 0.80 | 3.51 | 0.78 | |||
|
| |||||||
| FRT (cm) | Intervention | 32.07 | 7.84 | 34.61 | 7.90 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Control | 33.50 | 4.91 | 36.04 | 9.48 | |||
|
| |||||||
| TL (cm) | Intervention | 38.88 | 6.44 | 37.10 | 6.03 | 0.33 | 0.57 |
| Control | 34.57 | 7.37 | 34.02 | 7.41 | |||
|
| |||||||
| EA (cm2) | Intervention | 1.79 | 0.86 | 1.69 | 0.69 | 1.90 | 0.18 |
| Control | 1.81 | 0.66 | 2.04 | 0.76 | |||
TGS, toe-grip strength; TF, toe flexibility; FRT, functional reach test; TL, total trajectory length; EA, envelope area; ∗∗p < 0.01; significant difference between pre- and posttest; ∗p < 0.05; significant difference between pre- and posttest; †p < 0.01; significant difference between intervention and control groups.