Table 3.
Multivariable Cox Models for Associations Between Risk of Incident Kidney Stones and Comorbid Diseases Among Urban Chinese Inhabitants
| Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Cases/noncases | HR (95% CI) | p | Cases/noncases | HR (95% CI) | p |
| BMI (kg/m2) (%) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 44/2286 | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) | 0.944 | 34/2438 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.16) | 0.252 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 850/41,680 | Ref. | 701/35,745 | Ref. | ||
| 25–29.9 | 476/20,322 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 0.036 | 426/17,204 | 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) | 0.032 |
| ≥30 | 81/3408 | 1.17 (0.92, 1.49) | 0.194 | 41/1431 | 1.30 (0.94, 1.80) | 0.111 |
| ≥25 | 557/23,730 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 0.032 | 467/18,635 | 1.17 (1.03, 1.32) | 0.017 |
| WHR (%) | ||||||
| <0.90 (M); <0.80 (W) | 547/27,539 | Ref. | 480/26,309 | Ref. | ||
| ≥0.90 (M); ≥0.80 (W) | 904/40,159 | 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) | 0.037 | 721/30,482 | 1.19 (1.05, 1.35) | 0.006 |
| History of coronary heart disease/stroke | ||||||
| No | 1283/61,228 | Ref. | 1106/51,744 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 168/6487 | 1.31 (1.10, 1.56) | 0.002 | 96/5108 | 0.92 (0.74, 1.16) | 0.491 |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| No | 1077/51,592 | Ref. | 778/39,643 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 374/16,123 | 1.09 (0.96, 1.25) | 0.193 | 424/17,209 | 1.27 (1.11, 1.45) | <0.001 |
| History of type 2 diabetes | ||||||
| No | 1387/64,940 | Ref. | 1131/53,352 | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 64/2775 | 1.11 (0.85, 1.44) | 0.444 | 71/3500 | 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) | 0.875 |
Cox regression models included birth year, pack-year smoking, education, income, energy intake (kcal), dietary protein intake, dietary calcium intake, calcium supplement (yes/no), dietary vitamin C intake, vitamin C supplement (yes/no), dietary potassium intake, dietary magnesium intake, physical activity (MET-h/day/year), BMI at baseline (kg/m2), WHR, history of coronary heart disease/stroke (yes/no), history of type 2 diabetes, history of hypertension (yes/no), and history of cholelithiasis (yes/no).
HR = hazard ratio.