Table 3.

Relative probability of recovery from chronic low back pain at 11-year follow-up according to the combined effect of number of chronic pain sites and pain-related disability, score on the HADS and self-rated general health at HUNT2

	1–3 pain sites			4–9 pain sites
	No of persons	No of cases	Multi adjusted* RR (95% CI)	No of persons	No of cases	Multi adjusted* RR (95% CI)	p Value†
Pain-related disability
No disability	714	448	1.00 (reference)	422	211	0.84 (0.75 to 0.94)	0.002
Work disability	466	270	0.94 (0.85 to 1.03)	555	256	0.77 (0.69 to 0.86)	0.002
Leisure disability	271	172	0.98 (0.88 to 1.09)	236	102	0.71 (0.61 to 0.83)	<0.001
Work and leisure disability	1510	756	0.81 (0.75 to 0.87)	3004	1026	0.59 (0.54 to 0.64)	<0.001
HADS
No depression or anxiety	2151	1225	1.00 (reference)	2471	988	0.75 (0.70 to 0.80)	<0.001
Depression	161	84	0.92 (0.79 to 1.07)	311	107	0.66 (0.56 to 0.77)	0.002
Anxiety	259	142	1.00 (0.89 to 1.12)	572	193	0.65 (0.58 to 0.73)	<0.001
Depression and anxiety	138	69	0.92 (0.77 to 1.09)	399	118	0.58 (0.49 to 0.68)	<0.001
Self-rated general health
Very good/good	2187	1302	1.00 (reference)	2617	838	0.57 (0.53 to 0.61)	<0.001
Not all good/poor	904	417	0.78 (0.72 to 0.85)	1751	814	0.82 (0.77 to 0.87)	0.301

*Adjusted for age (19–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and >60 years), education (primary school and lower secondary school, upper secondary school, higher education <4 years, higher education >4 years and unknown), body mass index (normal weight, overweight and obesity), physical activity (inactive, low activity, moderate activity, high activity and unknown), gender, smoking (never-smoker, previous smoker, current smoker and unknown) and physical work demands (mostly sedentary, much walking, much walking and lifting, heavy physical work and unknown).

†p Value from stratified analysis of number of pain sites by general health, physical disability and HADS score.

HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HUNT, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study; RR, risk ratio.