Table 3.
1–3 pain sites | 4–9 pain sites | ||||||
No of persons | No of cases | Multi adjusted* RR (95% CI) | No of persons | No of cases | Multi adjusted* RR (95% CI) | p Value† | |
Pain-related disability | |||||||
No disability | 714 | 448 | 1.00 (reference) | 422 | 211 | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.002 |
Work disability | 466 | 270 | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.03) | 555 | 256 | 0.77 (0.69 to 0.86) | 0.002 |
Leisure disability | 271 | 172 | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.09) | 236 | 102 | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
Work and leisure disability | 1510 | 756 | 0.81 (0.75 to 0.87) | 3004 | 1026 | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.64) | <0.001 |
HADS | |||||||
No depression or anxiety | 2151 | 1225 | 1.00 (reference) | 2471 | 988 | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.80) | <0.001 |
Depression | 161 | 84 | 0.92 (0.79 to 1.07) | 311 | 107 | 0.66 (0.56 to 0.77) | 0.002 |
Anxiety | 259 | 142 | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.12) | 572 | 193 | 0.65 (0.58 to 0.73) | <0.001 |
Depression and anxiety | 138 | 69 | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.09) | 399 | 118 | 0.58 (0.49 to 0.68) | <0.001 |
Self-rated general health | |||||||
Very good/good | 2187 | 1302 | 1.00 (reference) | 2617 | 838 | 0.57 (0.53 to 0.61) | <0.001 |
Not all good/poor | 904 | 417 | 0.78 (0.72 to 0.85) | 1751 | 814 | 0.82 (0.77 to 0.87) | 0.301 |
*Adjusted for age (19–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and >60 years), education (primary school and lower secondary school, upper secondary school, higher education <4 years, higher education >4 years and unknown), body mass index (normal weight, overweight and obesity), physical activity (inactive, low activity, moderate activity, high activity and unknown), gender, smoking (never-smoker, previous smoker, current smoker and unknown) and physical work demands (mostly sedentary, much walking, much walking and lifting, heavy physical work and unknown).
†p Value from stratified analysis of number of pain sites by general health, physical disability and HADS score.
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HUNT, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study; RR, risk ratio.