Table 3.
Associations between morbidity, walking disability and environmental factors, included as an interaction term, and the onset of participation restriction in mobility outside the home in older adults with osteoarthritis
| Frequency of the onset of restricted mobility outside the home at 3-year follow-up | Crude | Associations adjusted for confounders* | |
| % | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Walking disability and hills and steep slopes | |||
| No walking disability, no hills and steep slopes | 6.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Walking disability, no hills and steep slopes | 29.3 | 5.71 (4.00 to 8.13) | 3.60 (2.43 to 5.32) |
| No walking disability, hills and steep slopes | 29.2 | 5.69 (3.69 to 8.78) | 4.55 (2.89 to 7.16) |
| Walking disability, and hills and steep slopes | 47.9 | 12.67 (8.05 to 19.94) | 7.66 (4.64 to 12.64) |
| Anxiety and hills and steep slopes | |||
| No anxiety, no hills and steep slopes | 7.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Anxiety no hills and steep slopes | 17.9 | 2.71 (1.93 to 3.79) | 2.09 (1.40 to 3.11) |
| No anxiety, hills and step slopes | 35.9 | 6.93 (4.69 to 10.24) | 4.21 (2.76 to 6.43) |
| Anxiety, and hills and steep slopes | 40.3 | 8.38 (4.91 to 14.29) | 4.04 (2.16 to 7.55) |
| Depression and hills and steep slopes | |||
| No depression, no hills and steep slopes | 8.6 | 1 | 1 |
| Depression, no hills and steep slopes | 26.2 | 3.74 (2.43 to 5.77) | 2.18 (1.32 to 3.62) |
| No depression, hills and step slopes | 37.0 | 6.22 (4.39 to 8.80) | 4.14 (2.83 to 6.06) |
| Depression, and hills and steep slopes | 37.8 | 6.43 (3.22 to 12.82) | 2.22 (1.03 to 4.78) |
| Cognitive impairment and hills and steep slopes | |||
| No cognitive impairment, no hills and steep slopes | 7.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cognitive impairment, no hills and steep slopes | 15.3 | 2.40 (1.72 to 3.34) | 1.64 (1.14 to 2.37) |
| No cognitive impairment, hills and step slopes | 35.0 | 7.16 (4.44 to 11.56) | 5.01 (3.00 to 8.38) |
| Cognitive impairment, and hills and steep slopes | 38.9 | 8.47 (5.49 to 13.06) | 3.81 (2.35 to 6.19) |
| Anxiety and poor pavement condition | |||
| No anxiety, no poor pavements | 9.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Anxiety, no poor pavements | 19.8 | 2.34 (1.72 to 3.18) | 1.76 (1.21 to 2.55) |
| No anxiety, poor pavements | 33.8 | 4.84 (2.86 to 8.19) | 3.55 (2.01 to 6.27) |
| Anxiety, and difficult pavements | 34.1 | 4.90 (2.56 to 9.40) | 2.31 (1.09 to 4.90) |
| Depression and heavy traffic | |||
| No depression, no heavy traffic | 11.3 | 1 | 1 |
| Depression, no heavy traffic | 28.9 | 3.19 (2.19 to 4.65) | 1.75 (1.11 to 2.76) |
| No depression, heavy traffic | 38.9 | 4.99 (2.50 to 9.92) | 4.25 (2.01 to 8.99) |
| Depression, and heavy traffic | 25.0 | 2.61 (0.52 to 13.04) | 1.01 (0.18 to 5.53) |
*Adjusted for all morbidities, walking disability, age, gender and socioeconomic factors.