Table 1.
All-cause mortality in white lifelong non-smokers aged 40–69 years at entry in national health surveys (HSE and SHS) and in UK Biobank, in relation to GLI-2012 z-scores for FEV1 and FVC
| HSE–SHS white lifelong non-smokers, 40– 69 years at entry | Biobank white lifelong non-smokers, 40–69 years at entry | ||||||
| Timing of death | Cause of death | Total N (deaths) | zFEV1, HR (95% CI) | zFVC, HR (95% CI) | Total N (deaths) | zFEV1, HR (95% CI) | zFVC, HR (95% CI) |
| Any time | All causes | 6579 (500) | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) | 1.19 (1.10 to 1.28) | 149 343 (2401) | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.26) | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.29) |
| Within 5 years | All causes | 6579 (103) | 1.35 (1.17 to 1.56) | 1.35 (1.16 to 1.57) | 149 343 (1599) | 1.23 (1.17 to 1.28) | 1.26 (1.20 to 1.32) |
| After 5 years | All causes | 6476 (397) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.21) | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.24) | 147 744 (802) | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.26) | 1.21 (1.13 to 1.29) |
| Any time | Respiratory | 6579 (24) | 1.72 (1.34 to 2.21) | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.08) | 149 343 (69) | 1.86 (1.53 to 2.27) | 2.15 (1.77 to 2.61) |
| Any time | Circulatory | 6579 (130) | 1.21 (1.06 to 1.38) | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.40) | 149 343 (431) | 1.41 (1.30 to 1.53) | 1.47 (1.35 to 1.60) |
| Any time | Cancer | 6579 (241) | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.22) | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.24) | 149 343 (1535) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) |
| Any time | Other non-respiratory | 6579 (105) | 1.15 (0.98 to 1.34) | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.41) | 149 343 (366) | 1.46 (1.33 to 1.59) | 1.45 (1.32 to 1.59) |
Spirometric indices (FEV1 and FVC) are modelled as z-scores derived from the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) 2012 reference equations for whites. All HRs are expressed per unit decrement in z-score, adjusted for age, sex, height, socioeconomic status, geographical region and survey year.
FEV1, one-second forced expiratory volume; FVC, forced vital capacity; HSE, Health Survey for England; SHS, Scottish Health Survey; z, z-score.