Table 1.

Characteristics of mothers at the time of their child’s birth, by Indigenous status and maternal alcohol use disorder exposure

	Non-Indigenous					Indigenous
	Comparison		Exposed		Χ2 p	Comparison		Exposed		Χ2p
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Maternal age*					<0.001					0.021
<20	2364	14.3	854	12.4		2515	24.5	1004	22.1
20<25	5123	30.9	2054	29.8		3306	32.2	1475	32.5
25<30	4502	27.1	1950	28.3		2495	24.3	1129	24.8
30<35	3017	18.2	1354	19.7		1361	13.3	668	14.7
35<40	1320	8	576	8.4		535	5.2	246	5.4
40+	257	1.5	98	1.4		55	0.5	22	0.5
Marital status					<0.001					<0.001
Married	13 971	84.2	4969	72.2		6770	65.9	2782	61.2
Never married	2447	14.8	1637	23.8		3215	31.3	1609	35.4
Separated/divorced/widowed	146	0.9	236	3.4		209	2	101	2.2
Missing	19	0.1	44	0.6		73	0.7	52	1.1
Socioeconomic status					<0.001					<0.001
Highest >10%	780	4.7	192	2.8		34	0.3	5	0.1
10–<25%	1742	10.5	527	7.7		157	1.5	47	1
25–<50%	3432	20.7	1239	18		714	7	229	5
50–<75%	4313	26	1772	25.7		1784	17.4	638	14
75–<90%	3014	18.2	1426	20.7		2386	23.2	912	20.1
Lowest 10%	1842	11.1	1170	17		3247	31.6	1452	32
Missing/unknown	1460	8.8	560	8.1		1945	18.9	1261	27.8
Health service region										0.025
Perth metropolitan area	11 773	71	4862	70.6	0.552	3628	35.3	1519	33.4
Rural/remote	4810	29	2024	29.4		6639	64.7	3025	66.6
Any maternal mental health diagnosis					<0.001					<0.001
No	14 761	89	3205	46.5		8947	87.1	3071	67.6
Yes	1822	11	3681	53.5		1320	12.9	1473	32.4
Any maternal illicit drugs record					<0.001					<0.001
No	16 224	97.8	4085	59.3		9554	93.1	3315	73
Yes	359	2.2	2801	40.7		613	6	1229	27
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder					0.007†					<0.001
No	16 583	100	6882	99.9		10 256	99.9	4487	98.8
Yes	0	0	4	0.1		11	0.1	57	1.3
Child intellectual disability					<0.001					<0.001
No	16 260	98.1	6695	97.2		10 007	97.5	4349	95.7
Yes	323	2	191	2.8		260	2.5	195	4.3
Total	16 583	100	6886	100		10 267	100	4544	100

*Frequency matching variable.

†Fisher’s exact test.