Cobinamide (100 mg/kg) prevents H2S-induced neuroinflammation in the inferior colliculus. (A and B) TLR9, MyD88, and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression with treatment of Cob after H2S exposure. (C) TNF-αR2 and TNF-α protein by Cob treatment after H2S exposure. (D) Activation status of microglia and (E) astrocytes observed following treatment with Cob in H2S-exposed mice. Arrows in D and E highlight increased expression of Iba1 and GFAP, respectively, in animals exposed to H2S and untreated by Cob. Graphs are represented as mean values. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus the H2S/saline group. Representative photomicrographs of the inferior colliculus (Iba1 and GFAP immunohistochemical staining).