(a) Tumor volume change each day was normalized to volume on day 9 in the No Tx (N = 13), P1C4 (N = 11), X-ray irradiation (N = 9), and combination groups (N = 12). (b) Quantitative analysis of tumor volume change at day 21 and day 30. P-values were determined by Turkey’s honestly significant difference test. All data including the outlier were included in the statistical analysis. *, P<0.05. **, P<0.01. (c) Proportion of mice with partial response or complete response. The numbers in the pie chart indicate the number of mice. On day 30,2of 11 mice (18%) in the P1C4 alone group experienced a partial response whereas 8 of 12 mice (67%) in the combined therapy group had a partial response in the unirradiated tumor. On day 39, only 1 of 11 mice (9%) in the P1C4 group experienced complete response whereas 5 of 12 mice (42%) did so in the COMB group. P-values were determined by the Fisher’s exact test for comparison of the partial and complete response, and progressive disease between the P1C4 and COMB groups. Abbreviations: No Tx: No treatment; P1C4: Anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies; COMB: Anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies with X-ray irradiation; RAD: X-ray irradiation; IR-leg: Irradiated leg; UnIR-leg: Unirradiated leg, Vd: Volume on each day, Vint: Volume on the day of the initial treatment, CR: Complete response, PR: Partial response, and PD: Progressive disease.