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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 18.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011 Jun 24;48(2):49–70. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2011.586171

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Formation of autophagasomes in autophagy. Initiation of the phagaphore can be induced by two signaling complexes–one containing Beclin-1/Vps34 and the other Atg13/ULK1/FIP200. Elongation /maturation of the phagophore is mediated by two protein conjugation pathways–one in which Atg12 becomes conjugated to Atg5 through a pathway mediated by the Atg7 activating enzyme and the Atg10 conjugating enzyme. In the other pathway, LC3 or its paralogs, GABARAP and GATE16, become conjugated to phagophore bound phosphatidylethanolamine through a pathway mediated by the Atg7 activating enzyme, the Atg3 conjugating enzyme and the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 ligase-like complex.