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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2018 Jan;46(1):48–55. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000130

Figure 2. Exercise and shear induced vascular adaptations.

Figure 2

Aerobic exercise and shear stress result in increased vascular AMPK (16) and SOD, resulting in greater conversion of (O2−) to H2O2 (15). By reducing O2−, there is likely a resultant increase NO bioavailability. In addition, some studies have demonstrated an increase in NOS expression (14) which would also result in increased NO. Aerobic exercise has also been shown to reduce NOX II subunit expression which results in less O2−, which theoretically should also yield increased NO bioavailability, as superoxide quenches NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO−) (7, 14)