Table 2.
The means and 95% confidence intervals for each measurement of the clinical assessments, and the probabilities with the estimated effect sizes of the statistical analyses.
| Evaluation | Pre 1 | Pre 2 | Pre 3 | Post | 3-Month follow-up | One-way ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% confidence interval) | P-value (partial η2) | F-value | |||||
| FMA | |||||||
| Full score | 26.5 (21.1–31.9) | 28.3 (22.7–33.8) | 29.1 (22.7–35.4) | 42.4 (36.3–48.5) | 44.2 (38.0–50.3) | 0.000*** (0.313) | 7.96 |
| Wrist/hand | 8.0 (5.4–10.6) | 9.1 (6.5–11.6) | 9.1 (6.4–11.7) | 13.9 (11.4–16.4) | 14.3 (11.7–16.9) | 0.000*** (0.228) | 5.18 |
| Shoulder/elbow | 18.5 (15.1–21.9) | 19.2 (15.7–22.7) | 20 (15.9–24.1) | 28.5 (24.5–32.5) | 29.8 (26.0–33.7) | 0.000*** (0.320) | 8.23 |
| ARAT | 14.2 (8.4–20.0) | 14.7 (8.2–20.5) | 14.7 (8.8–20.5) | 27.1 (20.7–33.4) | 26.8 (19.4–34.2) | 0.001** (0.226) | 5.12 |
| WMFT | |||||||
| Score | 40.5 (29.7–51.2) | 40.9 (30.7–51.0) | 39.5 (29.5–49.5) | 46 (39.2–52.8) | 49.3 (42.4–56.2) | 0.532 (0.043) | 0.79 |
| Time | 50.0 (35.8–64.2) | 49.6 (35.6–63.6) | 50.5 (36.0–64.9) | 39.6 (30.0–49.3) | 37.7 (28.2–47.2) | 0.424 (0.053) | 0.98 |
| FIM | 65.0 (63.8–66.1) | 65.8 (65.3–66.3) | 65.6 (64.7–66.5) | 66.5 (65.8–67.1) | 65.7 (64.7–66.7) | 0.177 (0.085) | 1.63 |
| MAS | |||||||
| Elbow | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | 1.7 (1.2–2.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.002** (0.214) | 4.77 |
| Wrist | 1.6 (1.0–2.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.5 (0.9–2.0) | 0.6 (0.2–1.0) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) | 0.000*** (0.224) | 5.64 |
| Finger | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 0.5 (0.1–0.8) | 0.4 (0.1–0.7) | 0.000*** (0.236) | 5.41 |
Differences with statistical significance (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests) are marked with “*” beside the P values. Significant levels are indicated as follows: * for ≤0.05, ** for ≤0.01, and *** for ≤0.001.
FMA, Fugl-Meyer Assessment; ARAT, Action Research Arm Test; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function Test; FIM, Functional Independence Measurement; MAS, Modified Ashworth Score; ANOVA, analysis of variance.