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. 2017 Dec 18;7:17715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18153-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Saccades directly evoked by stimulation. In one animal, we found a group of spatially clustered electrodes whose stimulation directly evoked saccades. During stimulation with a 100 μA current (a) saccades were robustly evoked on 4 channels. When a higher current of 250 μA was used, the stimulation of adjacent electrodes also evoked saccades (b). The relevant electrodes were located on the caudal border of the array, closest to the concavity of the arcuate sulcus (see inserts, red electrodes). The amplitudes of directly evoked saccades significantly increased with stimulation current. Arrows in both plots represent the average evoked saccade vector and blue shaded areas represent the respective confidence intervals for saccadic end-points. (a/b) Drawings by: Klaus Lamberty, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH.