Second-generation primary care imaging handheld probe modified to accommodate pneumatic functionality. (a) A rubber ear-bud tip was added to the ear speculum to ensure a pressure seal within the ear canal, along with a pressure sealed probe tip. (b) System schematic showing an input port for the computer-controlled air pressure stimulus (dotted box). This fast axial-scanning LCI system replaced the two-dimensional (2-D) scanning MEMS-driven mirror to lower costs and capture fast dynamic transients of the TM following the pressure stimulus. Abbreviations: M, gold mirror; C, collimator; DM, dichroic mirror; OBJ, objective.86