Table 2.

Twelve basic movements. Participants were required to keep eyes on the road only during the manual driving condition.

Movement and body part		Exercise and instruction
Motor movements
	Back and torso	M1—back arch (back flexion/extension): “Arch your back forward and backward.”
		M2—back twist (back vertical rotation): “Twist your torso with your head up. Grip steering wheel for extra support.”
		M3—side stretch (lateral back flexion/extension): “Stretch your back side to side.”
	Head and neck	M4—head turn (head rotation): “Turn your head as if you were checking your blind spots.”
		M5—head bend (head flexion/extension): “Imagine a pigeon head nodding.”
	Shoulder	M6—shoulder lift (shoulder elevation/depression): “Lift and then let drop your shoulders as if you were shrugging.”
		M7—shoulder join (shoulder abduction/adduction): “Join your shoulder blades—could be similar (but not identical) to arching back.”
	Hip	M8—hip sway (hip elevation/depression): “Sway your hips left and right, similar to a dance move.”
Breathing exercises		M9—deep breathing: “Inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 4 seconds, exhale for 4 seconds, hold for 4 seconds.”
		M10—dragon’s breath: “Two vigorous short inhales + one long exhale.”
Visualization, breathing, and posture exercises		M11—deep sigh: “Imagine you have completed a complex task and do a deep sigh (Ahhhh...).”
		M12—loose neck: “Imagine the neck hanging free (such as a bobble head). Move head in all directions so that the back can lengthen and widen.”