Table 1.
Outcomes reported in literature for conventional CXL.
| Authors | Number of eyes | Type of study | F/U | BCVA outcome | K value outcomes | CCT outcome | Change in Endothelial cell density | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arora44 et al. | 30 | Prospective intervention | Up to 12 months | Improved by 0.306 ± 0.15 logMAR | Flat K decreased by 0.9 D (P < 0.05) | The K values did not show any significant difference in patients with mean K > 53 | ||
| Caporossi34 et al. | 44 | Prospective intervention | Up to 60 months | Improved by 1.9 Snellen lines | Kmean decreased by 2.0 D | |||
| Touboul40 et al. | 142 | Case series | Up to 12 months | The mean BCVA changed from 0.34 ± 0.25 logMAR to 0.33 ± 0.25 logMAR after 12 months | Kmax decreased more than 2.0 D in 21.3% | Mean reduction 11 ± 12 | Reduced by 110 ± 82 | |
| Bak-Nielsen45 et al. | 60 | Prospective randomized case control | Up to 6 months | Increased from 0.19 ± 0.26 to 0.14 ± 0.18 logMAR | Kmax decreased from 53.1 ± 4.9 to 52.6 ± 5.2 | Mechanical compression of cornea did not alter the results of CXL | ||
| Caporossi33 et al. | 10 | Up to 6 months | Improved 1.66 Snellen lines | Kmean decreased 2.1 ± 0.13 | Increased from 431.5 to 450.6 | No difference in ECD was observed | ||
| Chang46 et al. | 104 eyes (66 KCN) | Prospective intervention | 12 months | Improved 1 Snellen line | Kmax decreased by 1.7 D | |||
| Coskunseven43 et al. | 38 | Prospective comparative | Up to 12 months | Improved by 0.1 ± 0.14 logMAR | Not provided | Did not change significantly during f/u | Did not change significantly during f/u | |
| Rosa47 et al. | 57 | Prospective intervention | 24 months | Improved by 0.25 ± 0.02 | Kmax deceased by 2.22 ± 0.45 | |||
| Goldich48 et al. | 17 | Prospective intervention | 36 months | Did not change | Slight increase in Kmax in 36 months compared with 24 months (52.5 vs 51.7 D) | No change during follow-up | ||
| Greenstein49 et al. | 104 (66 KCN) | Cohort | 12 months | Improved by 0.1 logMAR | Kmax decreased 1.0 D | Eyes with a Kmax of 55 or more were 5.4 times more likely to have topographic flattening of 2.0 D or more | ||
| Hashemi50 et al. | 40 | Prospective case series | 60 months | Improved by 0.12 ± 0.08 logMAR | Kmax decreased 0.16 ± 2.20 D Kmean decreased 0.10 ± 1.69 D |
The CCT increased from 483.87 ± 29.07 to 485.95 ± 28.43 μm | ||
| Ivarsen51 et al. | 28 | Retrospective f/u | Mean f/u of 22 months | No change | Kmax decreased 1.7 D | In 14 eyes Kmax improved more than 2.0 D | ||
| Kanellopoulos52 et al. | 231 | Prospective intervention study | Uo to 36 months | Improved by 0.20 ± 0.21 logMAR | K 2 decreased 4.41 | Thinnest corneal thickness decreased 81.39 | ||
| Khan53 et al. | 71 | Prospective intervention | Up to 12 months | Improved 2.37 ± 1.10 Snellen lines in 56.3% | Kmax decreased 2.64 ± 1.42 D in 60.6% patients | Decreased by mean 10.32 ± 21.19 μm | ||
| Kymionis36 et al. | 25 | Prospective interventional case series | 60 months | Improved from 0.29 ± 0.21 to 0.18 ± 0.18 logMAR | Kmax decreased from 52.53 ± 6.95 to 49.10 ± 4.50 D | Mean endothelial density was 2708 ± 302 cells per square millimeter and did not change significantly during f/u | ||
| Lamy54 et al. | 68 | Prospective intervention | 24 months | Improved 0.16 logMAR | Kmax decreased 1.11 D, Keratometry in the steepest meridian decreased 0.61 | Treated eyes showed an improvement of 0.16 Log in contrast sensitivity | ||
| O'Brart37 et al. | 30 | Retrospective f/u | Up to 72 months | Improved from 0.8 ± 0.27 to 0.905 ± 0.24 logMAR | Kmean improved from 46.44 ± 3.4 D to 45.6 ± 3.3 D | |||
| O'Brart39 et al. | 36 | Prospective cohort | 94 months | Increased from 0.85 ± 0.25 to 0.96 ± 0.17 Snellen decimal equivalent | Kmax reduced 0.74, Simulated topographic keratometry reduced by 0.74 | |||
| Raiskup38 et al. | 34 | Retrospective interventional case series | 120 months | BCVA improved by 0.14 logMAR | Mean apical keratometry decreased from 61.5 D to 55.3 D, Kmax decreased from 53.2 D to 49.56 D, Kmin decreased from 47.5 D to 45.5 D | |||
| Seyedian55 et al. | 26 | Randomized controlled clinical trial | 12 months | Improved by 0.13 logMAR in the treated group | Kmax decreased by 0.22 D in treated eyes and increased by 0.41 in the control group | |||
| Vinciguerra42 et al. | 28 | Prospective non-randomized study | 24 months | Improved from 0.28 to 0.13 logMAR | Kmax decreased from 50.37 D to 49.02 D, Kmin decreased from 46.10 D to 45.43 D | Decreased from 2651/mm2 to 2520/mm2 (which was not statistically significant) | ||
| Viswanathan56 et al. | 51 | Prospective interventional study | Up to 48 months | Improved by 0.05 ± 0.13 logMAR in the treated group, decreased 0.05 ± 0.14 (P = 0.2) in the control group | Kmax decreased by 0.96 ± 2.33 D, Kmax increased by 0.43 ± 0.85 D in the control group | Decreased from 470.35 ± 39.26 to 467.64 ± 43.54 (P = 0.6) | ||
| Wittig-Silva41 et al. | 46 treated eyes, 48 control group | Prospective randomized control trial | 36 months | Improved 0.09 ± 0.03 logMAR in the treated group | Kmax increased by 1.75 ± 0.38 D in control group, Kmax decreased −1.03 ± 0.19 D in treated eyes | Decreased 19.52 ± 5.06 μm (P < 0.001) in the treated group | Decreased 35 ± 50/mm2 (P = 0.490) in the treated group | |
| Wollensak32 et al. | 23 | Prospective non-randomized clinical pilot study | Up to 48 months | Improved 1.26 ± 1.5 Snellen lines | Kmax decreased 2.01 ± 1.74 D | The endothelial cell density remained unchanged (P = 0.45) |
BCVA: Best corrected visual acuity; CCT: Central corneal thickness; logMAR: Logarithm of minimum angle of resolution; D: Diopter; KCN: Keratoconus; F/U: Follow-up; ECD: Endothelial cell density.