Table 1. The treatment of WD in Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

Items	Medication	Advantages and disadvantages	Suitable patients	Ref.
Western medicine	D-PCA	Orally administered; Promotes copper excretion; Causes serious adverse reactions.	Not suitable for the treatment of patients with liver disease, patients with severe neurological disorders, patients with advanced WD, and patients with an allergy to D-PCA.	(39–40)
	DMSA	Orally administered; Promotes copper excretion.	Suitable for mild and moderate neurological symptoms and psychiatric symptoms and PCA intolerance.	(41–43)
	Na-DMPS	Injected; Low toxicity.	Suitable for mild and moderate neurological symptoms and psychiatric symptoms and D-PCA intolerance.	(42)
	TETA	Easily absorbed; Causes mild adverse reactions.	Patients who cannot tolerate D-PCA.	(40–43)
	Tetrathiomolybdate (TM)	Promotes copper excretion; Causes mild adverse reactions. Not suitable for long-term use.	Suitable for neurological symptoms, not suitable for long-term treatment.	(44–46)
	Zn	Promotes copper excretion.	Treatment of asymptomatic disease and maintenance therapy after the use of copper chelating agents.	(41)
Chinese medicine	Gandou Decoction Shugan; Lidan Paidu Decoction	Adjuvant therapy; Not as effective as D-PCA and Na-DMPS; Causes mild adverse reactions; Can be used concomitantly with Western medicine.	Mild and moderate patients.	(41,47–52)

DMSA, dimercaptosuccinic acid; D-PCA, D-penicillamine; Na-DMPS, sodium dimercaptosuccinate; TETA, triethylene tetramine; TM, tetrathiomolybdate; WD, Wilson's disease.