Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of diabetic patients taking metformin plus DPP4i versus other hypoglycemic agents, before and after propensity score weighting
| Before weighting | After weighting | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPP4i users | Non-DPP4i users | Standardized mean difference | DPP4i users | Non-DPP4i users | Standardized mean difference | |
| (n = 16,017) | (n = 74,863) | (n = 16,017) | (n = 74,863) | |||
| Follow-up time (years) | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 2.04 ± 1.21 | 2.41 ± 1.27 | 2.07 ± 2.90 | 2.41 ± 1.39 | ||
| Age at index date | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 54.51 ± 12.53 | 54.88 ± 12.20 | 54.43 ± 30.16 | 54.88 ± 13.41 | ||
| < 65 year | 80.23% | 79.59% | 0.0162 | 79.87% | 79.70% | 0.0043 |
| ≥ 65 years | 19.77% | 20.41% | 20.13% | 20.30% | ||
| Gender | 0.0162 | − 0.0008 | ||||
| Female | 42.64% | 41.84% | 41.95% | 41.99% | ||
| History of comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 58.33% | 57.34% | 0.0199 | 57.38% | 57.52% | − 0.0029 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 59.76% | 56.96% | 0.0567 | 57.51% | 57.44% | 0.0014 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2.57% | 2.02% | 0.0386 | 2.10% | 2.11% | − 0.0006 |
| Heart valve surgery | 0.09% | 0.05% | 0.0200 | 0.05% | 0.05% | − 0.0032 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 2.68% | 2.08% | 0.0406 | 2.19% | 2.19% | 0.0003 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7.56% | 7.09% | 0.0182 | 7.11% | 7.17% | − 0.0024 |
| PAOD | 0.51% | 0.36% | 0.0239 | 0.36% | 0.39% | − 0.0038 |
| Gout | 19.31% | 20.61% | − 0.0323 | 20.37% | 20.39% | − 0.0006 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.29% | 1.35% | − 0.0049 | 1.31% | 1.34% | − 0.0026 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.28% | 0.13% | 0.0355 | 0.15% | 0.16% | − 0.0015 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Beta-blocker | 13.78% | 13.75% | 0.0008 | 13.67% | 13.75% | − 0.0026 |
| Diltiazem/verapamil | 3.02% | 2.38% | 0.0408 | 2.48% | 2.49% | − 0.0002 |
| Statin | 33.60% | 25.83% | 0.1745 | 27.18% | 27.20% | − 0.0005 |
| ACEI/ARB | 36.62% | 30.55% | 0.1305 | 31.66% | 31.61% | 0.0012 |
ACEI angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, AF atrial fibrillation, ARB angiotensin II receptor antagonists, CI confidence interval, DM diabetes mellitus, DPP4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, PAOD peripheral arterial obstructive disease, TZD thiazolidinedione