Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants in the three study groups.
| Variable | Control, N (%) | Face-to-face education group, N (%) | Phone education group, N (%) | Chi-square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 11 (36.7) | 15 (50) | 13 (43.3) | P = 0.604 |
| Male | 19 (63.3) | 15 (50) | 17 (56.7) | ||
|
| |||||
| Marital status | Married | 29 (96.7) | 28 (93.3) | 28 (93/3) | P = 0.761 |
| Single | 1 (3.3) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (6.7) | ||
|
| |||||
| Employment status | Currently unemployed | 16 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) | 17 (56/7) | P = 0.565 |
| Employed | 9 (30) | 10 (33.3) | 9 (30) | ||
| Retired | 5 (16.7) | 6 (20) | 4 (13.3) | ||
|
| |||||
| Family history of diabetes | Yes | 19 (63.3) | 12 (40) | 15 (50) | P = 0.304 |
| No | 11 (36.7) | 18 (60) | 15 (50) | ||
|
| |||||
| Education level | Primary and secondary school | 14 (46.7) | 15 (50) | 11 (36.7) | P = 0.823 |
| High school & university | 16 (53.3) | 15 (50) | 19 (63.3) | ||
|
| |||||
| Treatment of diabetes | Insulin | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10) | 7 (23.3) | P = 0.283 |
| Oral therapy | 19 (63.3) | 21 (70) | 18 (60) | ||
| Both oral therapy & insulin | 9 (30) | 6 (20) | 5 (16.7) | ||
|
| |||||
| Age mean (SD) | 50.6 (3.74) | 49.9 (4.98) | 49.46 (4.76) | P = 0.798∗ | |
| Disease duration mean (SD) | 11.33 (5.66) | 10.33 (6.89) | 9.26 (5.47) | P = 0.38∗ | |
∗Tested by analysis of variance.