Table 2.

Effects of microRNAs on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.

MicroRNA	The role of proliferation	The role of differentiation	Mechanism
miR-34a [75]	Postmitotic neurons ↑	Neurite elongation ↑	miR-34a ↑ → SIRT1 ↓ → P53 acetylation ↑
miR-125b [77]	BrdU-positive cells ↓	Nestin-positive cells ↓; Sox2-positive cells ↓; vimentin-positive cells ↓; MAP2-positive cells ↑; Tuj1-positive cells ↑; cell migration ↑	miR-125b ↑ → nestin ↓
miR-146 [81]	Neural sphere diameter ↓	β-Tubulin III positive cells ↓; GFAP-positive cells ↑	miR-146 ↑ → Notch1 ↓
miR-342-5p [82]	BrdU-positive cells ↓	PAX6-positive cells ↓; TBR2-positive cells ↑; GFAP-positive cells ↓	Notch → Hes5 ↓ → miR-342-5p ↑ → GFAP ↓
miR-184 [84]	BrdU-positive cells ↑	Tuj1-positive cells ↓; GFAP-positive cells ↓	MBD1 ↓ → miR-184 ↑ → Numbl ↑
miR-9 [85]	BrdU-positive cells ↓	Tuj1-positive cells ↑; GFAP-positive cells ↑	miR-9 ↑ → TLX ↓ → proliferation ↓, neurons ↑
miR-7 [86]	G1/S cell cycle arrest	Tuj1-positive cells ↑; MAP2-positive cells ↑; Nestin-positive cells ↓; vimentin-positive cells ↓	miR-7 ↑ → Klf4 ↓ → proliferation ↓, neurons ↑
miR-124 [87, 88]	BrdU-positive cells ↓	Tuj1-positive cells ↑; NeuN-positive cells ↑; GFAP-positive cells ↓	miR-124 ↑ → TrkB ↑,Cdc42 ↑ → neurons ↑