Table 2.
Characteristics of Respondents Based Upon Burnout.
| Characteristics | Not burned out (n = 378) | Burned out (n = 596) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 39 ± 10.6 | 36.7 ± 7.9 | <.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 261 (69.0) | 416 (69.8) | .80 |
| Family information, n (%) | |||
| Married/stable partner | 274 (72.5) | 389 (65.3) | .02 |
| Children | 186 (49.2) | 233 (39.1) | .002 |
| Ever divorced | 29 (7.7) | 38 (6.4) | .44 |
| Full-time employee, n (%) | 364 (96.3) | 585 (98.2) | .07 |
| Hospital setting, n (%) | |||
| University hospital | 169 (44.7) | 288 (48.3) | .27 |
| Academic community hospital | 116 (30.7) | 184 (30.9) | .95 |
| Nonacademic community hospital | 75 (19.8) | 99 (16.6) | .20 |
| Government/veterans hospital | 7 (1.9) | 11 (1.8) | .99 |
| Other | 11 (2.9) | 14 (2.3) | .59 |
| Practice duration, y | 8 (4-18) | 8 (5-13) | .30 |
| Completed postgraduate training, n (%) | 209 (55.3) | 357 (59.9) | .16 |
| Duration, y | 1 (1-2) | 1 (1-2) | |
| Workload characteristics | |||
| Hours worked per week | 45 (40-50) | 50 (42.3-50) | <.001 |
| Average weekends worked per year | 8 (0-15) | 10 (1-15) | .10 |
| Average days on call per month | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-4) | .003 |
| Payment structure, n (%) | |||
| Salaried employee | 293 (77.5) | 481 (80.7) | .23 |
| Overtime eligible | 93 (24.6) | 143 (24.0) | .83 |
| Certified by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties, n (%) | 257 (68.0) | 454 (76.2) | .005 |
| Multiple certifications, n (%) | 36 (9.5) | 63 (10.6) | .60 |
| Fellowship status, n (%) | 29 (7.7) | 28 (4.7) | .05 |
| Daily duties, n (%) | |||
| Didactic lecturing | 150 (39.7) | 278 (46.6) | .03 |
| Formal pharmacist consultation | 206 (54.5) | 364 (61.1) | .04 |
| Daily rounding | 253 (66.9) | 430 (72.1) | .08 |
| Medical staff committee involvement | 205 (54.2) | 366 (61.4) | .03 |
| Medication reconciliation | 188 (49.7) | 340 (57.0) | .03 |
| Nutrition support consultation | 79 (20.9) | 129 (21.6) | .78 |
| Order verification | 221 (58.5) | 387 (64.9) | .04 |
| Pharmacy committee involvement | 294 (77.8) | 486 (81.5) | .15 |
| Research and publication | 194 (51.3) | 348 (58.4) | .03 |
| Residency director/coordinator | 49 (13.0) | 124 (20.8) | .002 |
| Residency precepting | 272 (72.0) | 477 (80.0) | .004 |
| Student pharmacist precepting | 323 (85.4) | 523 (87.8) | .30 |
| Current area of practice, n (%) | |||
| Administration | 27 (7.1) | 50 (8.4) | .48 |
| Cardiology | 30 (7.9) | 61 (10.2) | .23 |
| Critical care | 108 (28.6) | 162 (27.2) | .64 |
| Emergency medicine | 40 (10.6) | 84 (14.1) | .11 |
| Generalist | 20 (5.3) | 19 (3.2) | .10 |
| Infectious disease | 41 (10.8) | 58 (9.7) | .56 |
| Internal medicine | 34 (9.0) | 59 (9.9) | .64 |
| Oncology | 36 (9.5) | 38 (6.4) | .07 |
| Othera | 78 (20.6) | 94 (15.8) | .06 |
| Pediatrics | 40 (10.6) | 72 (12.1) | .48 |
| Solid organ transplant | 21 (5.6) | 40 (6.7) | .47 |
| Overall satisfied with career | 345 (91.3) | 470 (78.9) | <.001 |
| Professional stressors | |||
| Inadequate research time | 152 (40.2) | 352 (59.1) | <.001 |
| Inadequate administrative time | 159 (42.1) | 422 (70.8) | <.001 |
| Inadequate teaching time | 107 (28.3) | 336 (56.4) | <.001 |
| Too many students | 84 (22.2) | 202 (33.9) | <.001 |
| Too many residents | 47 (12.4) | 153 (25.7) | <.001 |
| Low salary | 93 (24.6) | 231 (38.8) | <.001 |
| Hostile work environment | 67 (17.7) | 265 (44.5) | <.001 |
| Uncertainty of health care reform | 47 (12.4) | 188 (31.5) | <.001 |
| Inadequate office space | 92 (24.3) | 226 (37.9) | <.001 |
| Too little vacation | 61 (16.1) | 222 (37.2) | <.001 |
| Medication errors | 42 (11.1) | 152 (25.5) | <.001 |
| Too many nonclinical duties | 120 (31.7) | 382 (64.1) | <.001 |
| Difficult nonpharmacist colleagues | 57 (15.1) | 196 (32.9) | <.001 |
| Difficult pharmacist colleagues | 86 (22.8) | 304 (51.0) | <.001 |
| Contributions underappreciated | 80 (21.2) | 290 (48.7) | <.001 |
| Too much focus on cost | 98 (25.9) | 274 (46.0) | <.001 |
| Positive work/life balance | 278 (73.5) | 204 (34.2) | <.001 |
| Time for professional growth | 200 (52.9) | 157 (26.3) | <.001 |
| Intellectually challenged at work | 314 (83.1) | 432 (72.5) | <.001 |
| Spouse not understanding of job demands | 2 (0.6) | 10 (2.2) | .07 |
a
Responses for generalist, nutrition support, informatics, pain/palliative medicine, geriatrics, medication/safety, drug information, surgery, and other were combined due to small number within each category.