Table 1.
Cross–sectional differences between those receiving cash transfer and those not receiving cash transfer on educational outcomes, split by child HIV status*
| Cash grant (n = 624) |
No cash grant (n = 230) |
Difference statistic (P–value) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total |
HIV–positive children (n = 69) |
Non–HIV–positive children (n = 557) |
Total |
HIV–positive children (n = 46) |
Non–HIV–positive children (n = 180) |
||
|
Educational risk |
0.71 (1.01) |
1.22 (1.27) |
0.65 (0.95)‡ |
1.11 (1.23) |
1.26 (0.98) |
1.07 (1.28) ‡ |
4.28 (<0.001) |
|
Enrolled in school |
620 (99.4%) |
69 (100%) |
551 (99.3%)† |
222 (96.5%) |
45 (97.8%) |
177 (96.2%)† |
9.77 (0.002) |
|
Correct class for age |
468 (75.5%) |
38 (55.1%) |
430 (78.0%)‡ |
107 (48.2%) |
18 (40.0%) |
89 (50.3%)‡ |
56.20 (<0.001) |
|
Regular attendance |
601 (96.9%) |
63 (91.3%) |
538 (97.6%)‡ |
198 (89.2%) |
40 (88.9%) |
158 (89.3%)‡ |
20.24 (<0.001) |
|
Quick learner |
443 (72.6%) |
42 (61.8%) |
401 (74.0%) |
164 (74.5%) |
28 (65.1%) |
136 (76.8%) |
0.30 (0.58) |
|
Doing as well or better than most in school |
522 (84.2%) |
47 (68.1%) |
475 (86.2%) |
183 (82.4%) |
37 (82.2%) |
146 (82.5%) |
0.37 (0.54) |
|
Missed less than a week of school |
616 (99.4%) |
69 (100%) |
547 (99.3%)‡ |
210 (94.6%) |
44 (97.8%) |
166 (93.8%)‡ |
19.87 (<0.001) |
|
Working memory |
9.34 (3.54) |
8.25 (3.78) |
9.47 (3.49) ‡ |
7.98 (3.44) |
7.16 (3.50) |
8.19 (3.41) ‡ |
4.93 (<0.001) |
| General cognitive ability | 95.29 (14.92) | 92.74 (15.05)‡ | 95.60 (14.89) ‡ | 80.34 (18.47) | 69.62 (19.16) ‡ | 83.00 (17.34) ‡ | 10.93 (<0.001) |
*Symbols denote differences on educational outcomes between HIV–positive and HIV–negative children within their grant category (ie, HIV–positive children whose caregivers receive a grant are compared with HIV–positive children whose caregivers do not receive a grant, and non–HIV–positive children whose caregivers receive a grant are compared with non–HIV–positive children whose caregivers do not receive a grant). The difference statistic (P–value) denotes the differences between children receiving a grant and not receiving a grant, regardless of child HIV status. Bolded variables differed significantly in the total sample according to grant receipt. Numbers occasionally do not add up to the total due to missing data.
† P < 0.01.
‡P < 0.001.