Table 5.
Background characteristics and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores by SAM and HIV status in children ≥24 month–old
| SAM only* (n = 37) | SAM + HIV† (n = 14) | SAM + ND‡ (n = 15) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group characteristics: | |||
| Kwashiorkor (n, %) | 33 (89.2) | 8 (57.1) | 9 (60.0) |
| Male (n, %) | 20 (54.1) | 8 (57.1) | 11 (73.3) |
| Age in months (mean, SD) | 37.6 (15.7) | 42.7 (22.5) | 50.8 (15.4) |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (mean, SD): | |||
| Emotional problems | 2.1 (1.4) | 3.1 (2.6) | 2.6 (1.5) |
| Conduct problems | 1.9 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.8) | 3.7 (1.5) |
| Hyperactivity–inattention problems | 4.1 (1.5) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.5 (0.9) |
| Peer problems | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.7) | 4.7 (1.6) |
| Prosocial behavior | 3.2 (2.0) | 3.2 (2.8) | 0.1 (0.4) |
| Total Difficulties Score§ |
10.1 (4.2) |
12.2 (5.5) |
15.5 (3.8) |
| Impact supplement: | |||
| Overall difficulties in emotions, concentration, behavior or being able to get on with other people? (n,%) | 5 (13.5) | 3 (21.4) | 14 (93.3) |
SAM – severe acute malnutrition, HIV – human infectious virus, SD – standard deviation, ND – neurodisability
*SAM only: 3 children missing.
†SAM + HIV group: children with both SAM and HIV: 1 child missing
‡SAM + ND group: children with both SAM and a pre–existing neurodisability: 2 children also were HIV positive.
§ANOVA analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the SAM only and SAM+ ND group (P < 0.001) and between the SAM+HIV and SAM+CP group (P = 0.048).