Table 1.
Characteristics of study population, overall and by year (N = 27 699)
| Total N = 27 699 |
Survey year 2010, n = 9278 | Survey year 2011, n = 9542 | Survey year 2012, n = 8879 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Unweighted N (%) |
Weighted %, (95% CI) |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
Weighted % (95% CI) |
|
|
Infant HIV exposure | |||||
|
Mother's self–reported HIV status (proxy for HIV exposure): | |||||
| HIV unexposed |
19 035 (68.72) |
66.80 (66.16–67.43) |
67.73 (66.59–68.85) |
65.90 (64.81–66.97) |
66.79 (65.70–67.86) |
| HIV exposed |
7693 (27.77) |
30.00 (29.39–30.63) |
29.79 (28.69–30.92) |
28.88 (27.84–29.94) |
30.00 (29.39–30.63) |
| No response (NR) |
895 (3.23) |
2.95 (2.74–3.17) |
2.13 (1.83–2.49) |
4.96 (4.51–5.45) |
2.95 (2.74–3.17) |
| Chose not to answer |
76 (0.27) |
0.25 (0.20–0.32) |
0.34 (0.24–0.50) |
0.26 (0.18–0.39) |
0.25 (0.20–32.02) |
|
Maternal characteristics: | |||||
|
Province | |||||
| Gauteng |
4673 (9.24) |
26.83 (26.19–27.47) |
29.56 (28.37–30.79) |
27.09 (26.02–28.20) |
23.88 (22.88–24.90) |
| Eastern Cape |
2560 (9.24) |
9.63 (9.27–10.01) |
8.48 (7.81–9.19) |
9.41 (8.85–9.99) |
10.99 (10.33–11.68) |
| Free State |
2947 (10.64) |
4.96 (4.78–5.16) |
4.96 (4.66–5.28) |
4.77 (4.45–5.10) |
5.17 (4.83–5.52) |
| Kwa–Zulu Natal |
3356 (12.12) |
21.43 (20.81–22.07) |
21.17 (20.63–22.82) |
21.46 (20.40–22.57) |
21.13 (20.05–5.53) |
| Limpopo |
3077 (11.11) |
10.81 (10.44–11.19) |
9.99 (9.37–10.64) |
10.64 (10.01–11.31) |
11.78 (11.14–12.44) |
| Mpumalanga |
3211 (11.59) |
7.79 (7.52–8.06) |
7.64 (7.21–8.09) |
7.88 (7.43–8.35) |
7.84 (7.33–8.37) |
| Northern Cape |
1227 (4.43) |
2.04 (1.93–2.16) |
1.69 (1.51–1.89) |
2.21 (2.02–2.42) |
2.22 (2.01–2.44) |
| North West |
2949 (10.65) |
7.46 (7.19–7.74) |
7.44 (7.01–7.89) |
7.19 (6.76–7.65) |
7.75 (7.24–8.30) |
| Western Cape |
3699 (13.35) |
9.05 (8.76–9.35) |
8.54 (8.06–9.04) |
9.35 (8.86–9.87) |
9.25 (8.74–9.80) |
|
Mean age (standard deviation) |
26.14 (6.29) |
26.11 (6.28) |
25.95 (6.18) |
26.09 (6.37) |
26.29 (6.30) |
|
Age category: | |||||
| ≤19 |
4188 (15.12) |
15.15 (14.67–15.63) |
15.47 (14.63–16.35) |
15.92 (15.12–16.77) |
14.05 (13.26–14.87) |
| 20–24 |
8395 (30.31) |
30.52 (29.91–31.13) |
30.45 (29.36–31.57) |
30.18 (29.15–31.22) |
30.91 (29.87–31.97) |
| 25–34 |
11 763 (42.47) |
42.29 (41.64–42.95) |
42.54 (41.36–43.73) |
41.42 (40.31–42.53) |
42.93 (41.82–44.05) |
| ≥35 |
3282 (11.85) |
11.75 (11.33–12.18) |
10.63 (9.92–11.38) |
12.48 (11.75–13.25) |
12.11 (11.40–12.86) |
| NR |
71 (0.26) |
0.30 (0.23–0.39) |
0.91 (0.69–1.19) |
0 (0.00) |
0 (0.00) |
|
Level of education: | |||||
| Grades 1–7 |
3996 (14.42) |
13.61 (13.17–14.06) |
14.54 (13.74–15.38) |
12.95 (12.23–13.71) |
13.37 (12.63–14.14) |
| Grades 8–12 |
21 795 (78.69) |
79.27 (78.73–79.80) |
78.14 (77.15–79.09) |
79.85 (78.93–80.73) |
79.80 (78.89–80.68) |
| Completed tertiary/ technical/ university |
1459 (5.27) |
5.60 (5.30–5.92) |
5.42 (4.89–5.99) |
5.75 (5.24–6.31) |
5.65 (5.15–6.18) |
| None/NA |
449 (1.62) |
1.52 (1.37–1.68) |
1.91 (1.63–2.25) |
1.46 (1.22–1.74) |
1.19 (0.97–1.46) |
|
Marital status: | |||||
| Single/widowed/divorced/separated |
20 393 (73.62) |
75.46 (74.90–76.01) |
75.36 (74.33–76.35) |
75.07 (74.11–76.01) |
75.96 (75.01–76.88) |
| Married/co–habiting |
7306 (26.38) |
24.54 (23.99–25.10) |
24.64 (23.65–25.67) |
24.93 (23.99–25.89) |
24.04 (23.12–24.99) |
|
Parity: | |||||
| Multiparous |
16 868 (60.90) |
61.08 (60.43–61.72) |
59.50 (58.32–60.66) |
61.43 (60.33–62.52) |
62.28 (61.17–63.37) |
| Primiparous |
10 831 (39.10) |
38.92 (38.28–39.57) |
40.50 (39.34–41.68) |
38.57 (37.48–39.67) |
37.72 (36.63–38.83) |
|
Correct identification of all MTCT modes: | |||||
| Yes |
15 166 (54.75) |
55.86 (55.20–56.52) |
46.83 (45.64–48.03) |
61.39 (60.30–62.47) |
59.16 (58.05–60.26) |
| No |
12 533 (45.25) |
44.14 (43.48–44.80) |
53.17 (51.97–54.36) |
38.61 (37.53–39.70) |
44.14 (43.48–44.80) |
|
Infant characteristics: |
|||||
|
Gender: | |||||
| Male |
13 926 (50.28) |
50.34 (49.67–51.00) |
50.26 (49.07–51.46) |
50.11 (48.98–51.24) |
50.64 (49.51–51.77) |
| Female |
13 773 (49.72) |
49.66 (49.00–50.33) |
49.74 (48.54–50.93) |
49.89 (48.76–51.04) |
49.36 (48.23–50.49) |
|
Age: | |||||
| 4–5 weeks |
1959 (7.07) |
6.28 (5.98–6.59) |
7.83 (7.26–8.45) |
7.18 (6.64–7.76) |
3.85 (3.44–4.29) |
| 6 weeks |
21 753 (78.53) |
79.86 (79.33–80.38) |
73.64 (72.60–74.65) |
80.49 (79.60–81.36) |
85.32 (84.51–86.09) |
| 7–8 weeks |
3987 (14.39) |
13.87 (13.42–14.32) |
18.53 (17.64–19.45) |
12.33 (11.61–12.08) |
10.84 (10.16–11.55) |
|
Population group: | |||||
| Black |
24 911 (89.93) |
92.79 (92.49–93.07) |
92.99 (92.46 – 93.48) |
92.33 (91.81 – 92.82) |
93.04 (92.54 – 93.52) |
| White |
135 (0.49) |
0.47 (0.39 - 0.57) |
59.32 (43.11 - 81.57) |
0.46 (0.34–0.64) |
0.35 (0.25–0.51) |
| Coloured |
2541 (9.17) |
6.27 (6.01–6.53) |
5.861 (5.43–6.32) |
6.69 (6.26–7.16) |
6.24 (5.79–6.71) |
| Indian |
73 (0.26) |
0.36 (0.28–0.46) |
0.43 (0.28–0.65) |
0.40 (0.27–0.61) |
0.25 (0.16–0.40) |
| Other |
39 (0.14) |
0.12 (0.08–0.16) |
0.13 (0.08–0.22) |
0.11 (0.05–0.21) |
0.11 (0.06–0.20) |
|
Gestational age from Road to Health Booklet: | |||||
| ≥37 weeks |
18 843 (68.03) |
69.05 (68.44–69.65) |
82.03 (81.12–82.90) |
62.28 (61.19–63.35) |
63.11 (62.02–64.18) |
| <37 weeks |
3646 (13.16) |
12.62 (12.19–13.06) |
17.97 (17.10–18.88) |
10.04 (9.40–10.72) |
9.97 (9.32–10.67) |
| NR |
5210 (18.18) |
18.33 (17.84–18.83) |
0 (0.00) |
27.68 (26.70–28.69) |
26.92 (25.95–27.91) |
|
Hospitalized within first 6 weeks of life: | |||||
| No |
25 708 (92.81) |
92.88 (92.53–93.22) |
91.04 (91.34–91.69) |
91.67 (91.01–92.28) |
95.90 (95.41–96.35) |
| Yes |
1966 (7.10) |
7.06 (6.72–7.41) |
8.88 (8.23–9.58) |
8.28 (7.67–8.93) |
4.04 (3.60–4.53) |
| NR |
25 (0.09) |
.06 (0.04–0.09) |
0.08 (0.04–0.15) |
0.05 (0.03–0.11) |
0.06 (0.03–0.13) |
|
ANC and delivery characteristics: |
|||||
|
Received support from community health worker: | |||||
| No |
8953 (32.32) |
31.51 (30.90–32.13) |
38.75 (37.59–39.93) |
26.35 (25.40–27.32) |
29.59 (28.59–30.62) |
| Yes |
14 419 (52.06) |
51.39 (50.72–52.05) |
61.25 (60.07–62.41) |
48.30 (47.17–49.42) |
44.82 (43.69–45.95) |
| NR |
4327 (15.62) |
17.1 (16.61–17.61) |
0 (0.00) |
25.36 (24.36–26.37) |
25.59 (24.61–26.59) |
|
ANC visits: | |||||
| 0–3 visits |
4382 (15.82) |
16.43 (15.94–16.94) |
19.14 (18.20–20.13) |
15.85 (15.04–16.68) |
14.37 (13.60–15.17) |
| 4–5 visits |
8212 (29.65) |
30.66 (30.05–31.28) |
28.39 (27.13–29.49) |
31.94 (30.90–33.01) |
31.61 (30.57–32.67) |
| ≥6 visits |
6519 (23.54) |
22.77 (22.22–23.33) |
19.91 (18.99–20.86) |
23.06 (22.14–24.02) |
25.27 (24.29–26.28) |
| NR |
8586 (31.00) |
30.13 (29.53–30.74) |
32.56 (31.47–33.67) |
29.15 (28.13–30.19) |
28.75 (27.73–29.78) |
|
Timeliness of first ANC visit: | |||||
| ≤12 weeks |
7695 (27.78) |
26.20 (25.63–26.78) |
23.46 (22.49–24.45) |
25.19 (24.24–26.17) |
29.92 (28.89–30.95) |
| 13–20 weeks |
10 061 (36.32) |
37.25 (36.61–37.90) |
33.60 (32.48–34.74) |
36.90 (35.82–38.00) |
41.18 (40.07–42.30) |
| ≥21 weeks |
6536 (23.60) |
24.55 (23.98–25.13) |
28.95 (27.86–30.06) |
23.44 (22.49–24.42) |
21.35 (20.44–22.29) |
| NR |
3407 (12.30) |
11.99 (11.57–12.43) |
13.99 (13.19–14.84) |
14.46 (13.69–15.27) |
7.55 (6.99–8.15) |
|
Delivery location: | |||||
| Hospital |
21 466 (77.50) |
78.14 (77.59–78.67) |
77.88 (76.88–78.85) |
78.63 (77.70–79.53) |
77.89 (76.94–78.80) |
| Clinic |
4724 (17.05) |
16.61 (16.13–17.10) |
16.39 (15.53–17.29) |
15.68 (14.88–16.50) |
17.76 (16.92–18.63) |
| Home/other |
1282 (4.63) |
4.48 (4.21–4.76) |
5.73 (5.20–6.30) |
4.28 (3.85–4.75) |
3.46 (3.06–3.90) |
| NR |
227 (0.82) |
0.78 (0.68–0.89) |
0 (0.00) |
1.42 (1.19–1.68) |
0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
|
Delivery method: |
|||||
| Vaginal delivery |
21 424 (77.35) |
76.83 (76.26–77.39) |
78.51 (77.51–79.48) |
75.48 (74.48–76.45) |
76.55 (75.57–77.50) |
| Caesarean section |
5957 (21.51) |
22.17 (21.62–22.73) |
21.42 (20.46–22.42) |
21.75 920.81–22.71) |
23.33 (22.38–24.31) |
| Do not know |
38 (0.14) |
0.12 (0.08–0.17) |
0.07 (0.04–0.13) |
0.18 (0.10–0.30) |
0.12 (0.07–0.20) |
| NR | 280 (1.01) | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2.60 (2.27–2.97) | 0 (0.00) |
NR – not recorded