Table 3.
Predicting odds of return using migrants’ reports of chronic conditions and mental health
| All Return Migrants | Voluntary Return | Deported Migrants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio | SE | Odds Ratio | SE | Odds Ratio | SE | |
| Panel A | ||||||
| Health limitations | 1.337* | (0.179) | 1.451* | (0.225) | 1.098 | (0.211) |
| Diabetes | 0.619** | (0.104) | 0.676* | (0.131) | 0.556* | (0.145) |
| Hypertension | 0.639** | (0.096) | 0.844 | (0.143) | 0.338*** | (0.090) |
| Heart disease | 0.154*** | (0.061) | 0.200*** | (0.088) | 0.100** | (0.074) |
| Asthma | 0.206*** | (0.079) | 0.220** | (0.104) | 0.181** | (0.110) |
| Arthritis | 0.078*** | (0.026) | 0.077*** | (0.033) | 0.083*** | (0.041) |
| Obesity | 0.773** | (0.075) | 0.934 | (0.109) | 0.564*** | (0.080) |
| Felt stressed all/most of the time | 2.897*** | (0.467) | 2.540*** | (0.517) | 3.589*** | (0.710) |
| Felt sad all/most of the time | 2.204*** | (0.472) | 1.280 | (0.374) | 3.259*** | (0.816) |
| Had energy all/most of the time | 0.933 | (0.097) | 1.000 | (0.126) | 0.925 | (0.130) |
| Constant | 0.671*** | (0.068) | 0.339*** | (0.042) | 0.322*** | (0.043) |
| Panel B | ||||||
| Health limitations | 1.427* | (0.244) | 1.363 | (0.272) | 1.184 | (0.304) |
| Diabetes | 0.643* | (0.140) | 0.618 | (0.157) | 0.871 | (0.289) |
| Hypertension | 0.983 | (0.195) | 0.932 | (0.208) | 0.928 | (0.311) |
| Heart disease | 0.182** | (0.095) | 0.333* | (0.172) | 0.029** | (0.037) |
| Asthma | 0.295** | (0.127) | 0.279* | (0.152) | 0.349 | (0.220) |
| Arthritis | 0.129*** | (0.049) | 0.123*** | (0.056) | 0.194** | (0.111) |
| Obesity | 0.751* | (0.092) | 0.861 | (0.126) | 0.549** | (0.100) |
| Felt stressed all/most of the time | 2.494*** | (0.513) | 2.592*** | (0.696) | 3.336*** | (0.871) |
| Felt sad all/most of the time | 1.826* | (0.478) | 0.770 | (0.287) | 2.978** | (0.940) |
| Had energy all/most of the time | 0.882 | (0.116) | 0.908 | (0.148) | 0.824 | (0.153) |
| Age | 0.984** | (0.005) | 1.005 | (0.006) | 0.944*** | (0.008) |
| Married/Cohabiting | 0.195*** | (0.029) | 0.218*** | (0.040) | 0.158*** | (0.032) |
| Has children | 9.308*** | (1.479) | 13.417*** | (2.690) | 8.050*** | (1.788) |
| Lives in urban area | 1.895*** | (0.306) | 1.786** | (0.345) | 2.046** | (0.489) |
| Level of education (ref. = junior high or less) | ||||||
| Some high school | 0.333*** | (0.062) | 0.213*** | (0.057) | 0.409*** | (0.094) |
| High school | 0.419*** | (0.064) | 0.478*** | (0.090) | 0.298*** | (0.063) |
| Some college or more | 0.374*** | (0.064) | 0.543** | (0.105) | 0.120*** | (0.038) |
| Duration of time in United States (ref. = 10+ years) | ||||||
| <2 years | 81.181*** | (38.500) | 100.202*** | (50.909) | 73.443*** | (39.106) |
| 2–4 years | 4.886*** | (1.148) | 4.157*** | (1.263) | 6.296*** | (1.783) |
| 5–9 years | 1.948*** | (0.362) | 1.957** | (0.482) | 1.916** | (0.448) |
| Speaks some English in home | 0.276*** | (0.035) | 0.183*** | (0.030) | 0.403*** | (0.074) |
| Noncitizen | 0.712* | (0.097) | 0.334*** | (0.052) | — | — |
| Constant | 1.093 | (0.377) | 0.317** | (0.134) | 2.147 | (0.960) |
Notes: Results in panels A and B are from three separate regression analyses. All return migrants (N = 915), voluntary migrants (N = 511), and deported migrants (N = 404) are compared with migrants who remain in the United States (stayers, N = 1,739). Results presented in panel B adjust for socioeconomic characteristics and exposure to U.S. society.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001