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. 2017 Dec 19;14:253. doi: 10.1186/s12974-017-1024-1

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — LPA induces the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Serum-starved a PMM were treated with 0.1% BSA (control) or LPA (1 μM) for the indicated time periods, and cellular protein lysates were collected. Phosphorylation of p65-NF-κB, STAT1, STAT3, and c-Jun was analyzed by western blotting. One representative blot is shown (N = 3). Molecular mass is indicated at the right. Actin was used as loading control. b Densitometric analysis of western blots (N = 3). Results show the significance of changes in the protein expression and represent mean values + SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t test; BSA versus LPA for each time point)