Table 1.

The calculated population biochemical reference values for participants screened

Analyte	All	N	Mean	95% CI for mean	Median	Range	2.5th–97.5th percentile	P value (sex)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), IU/L	Combined	251	21.4	20.8–22.0	20.6	13–41	13.8–33.2	0.269
	Female	133	21.6	20.8–22.6	21.0	13–41	14.4–34.0
	Male	118	21.0	20.2–21.8	21.0	12–33	13.0–32.0
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IU/L	Combined	249	16.6	16.0–17.7	15.0	8–41	9.0–35.4	0.224
	Female	133	16.7	15.5–18.0	21.0	8–41	9–35.7
	Male	116	17.0	15.8–18.2	16	8–29	8.0–29.0
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), IU/L	Combined	246	95.5	92.8–98.3	95.0	43–153	55.4–156.0	0.329
	Female	129	96.9	90.5–97.9	95.0	43–145	55–165
	Male	117	94.2	92.8–101.1	95.0	52–153	51.7–153
Creatinine, mg/dL	Combined	242	0.95	0.9–1.0	0.9	0.4–2.0	0.6–1.5	0.001
	Female	115	4.3	0.9–0.94	0.9	0.4–1.6	0.6–1.5
	Male	127	4.4	1.0–1.05	1.0	0.7–2.0	0.7–1.9
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL	Combined	245	13.5	13.0–14.0	13.0	6–41	7.1–22.0	0.388
	Male	116	13.5	12.6–14.4	16.0	6–41	7.0–26.5
	Female	129	13.5	12.9–14.0	13	7–22	8.0–21.0
Bilirubin (total), mg/dL	Combined	244	0.8	0.74–0.80	0.7	0.4–2.2	0.4–1.3	0.034
	Male	112	0.8	0.75–0.85	0.7	0.4–2.2	0.4–1.69
	Female	126	0.7	0.7–0.77	0.7	0.4–1.5	0.4–1.20
Bilirubin (direct), mg/dL	Combined	245	0.69	0.06–0.79	0.07	0.0–0.57	0.0–0.26	0.000
	Male	116	0.05	0.04–0.07	0.0	0.0–0.37	0.0–0.3
	Female	129	0.08	0.07–0.1	0.09	0.0–0.57	0.0–0.25
Bilirubin (indirect), mg/dL	Combined	245	0.16	0.12–0.20	0.00	0.0–1.9	0.0–1.0	0.000
	Male	116	0.03	0.0–0.06	0.00	0.0–1.9	0.0–0.66
	Female	129	0.28	0.21–0.35	0.00	0.0–1.9	0.0–1.15