Table 3.
Clinical biochemistry results, comparison intervals and out of range (OOR) values
| Analyte | Units | Eritrea screened cohort | Eritrean Ministry of Health | Out of range (OOR) | Middle belt of Ghana [7] | Botswana TFD2 screened cohort [11] | US Massachusetts General Hospital [12] | Combined study (eastern and southern Africa [8]) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspartate aminotransferase (ASP) | U/L | 13.8–33.2 | 0–31 | 6.8 | 7–51 | 13.0–42.0 | 0–35 | 14–60 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | U/L | 9–35.4 | 0–31 | 5.6 | 14–51 | 7.0–46.0 | 0–35 | 8–61 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | U/L | 55.4–156 | 39–117 | 18.4 | 84–241 | – | 30–120 | 48–164 |
| Creatinine (Cre) | mg/dL | 0.6–1.5 | 0.5–1.1 | 15.5 | – | 0.5–1.1 | 0–1.33 | – |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | mg/dL | 7.1–22.0 | 6–20 | 6.2 | 5.0–21.0 | 10–20 | – | |
| Total bilirubin (TBIL) | mg/dL | 0.4–1.3 | 0.0–1.0 | 12.0 | 0.3–2.6 | 0.2–1.8 | 0.3–1.0 | 0.2–2.2 |
| Direct bilirubin (DBIL) | mg/dL | 0.1–0.3 | 0.00–0.3 | 1.3 | 0.8–0.4 | 0.1–0.4 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.0–0.5 |
| Total cholesterol (T-Chol) | mg/dL | 50–357 | 0–200 | 25.0 | – | – | – | |
| High density lipoproteins (HDL) | mg/dL | 31.0–80.0 | 40–100 | 22.5 | – | – | – | |
| Sodium (Na) | mmol/L | 135–147 | 135–145 | 4.3 | 135–150 | 135–143 | 136–145 | – |
| Chloride (Cl) | mmol/L | 101–113 | 101–111 | 10.5 | 102–114 | 98.0–107 | 98–106 | – |
| Potassium (K) | mmol/dL | 3.63–5.30 | 3.6–5.0 | 5.4 | 3.6–5.2 | 3.6–5.2 | 3.5–5.0 | – |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) | mmol/L | 18–37 | 21–31 | 29.5 | – | 21–30 | – | |
| Albumin (ALB) | g/dL | 4–5.30 | 3.4–4.8 | 30.6 | 3.3–5.0 | – | – | – |
OOR out of order range