Table 2.

Physiologic outcomes: model estimated means and between-group comparisons.

	IG	CG	ACG	Group difference IG versus CG	p-value	Group difference IG versus ACG	p- value	Group difference CG versus ACG	p-value
Ale (mmol/mol)	n = 54	n = 53	n = 45
Baseline	80 ± 1.14	79 ± 1.29	81 ± 1.32	1 (−0.34, 0.62)	0.561	−1 (−0.52, 0.47)	0.924	−2 (−0.67, 0.34)	0.516
Intervention-month 3	76 ± 1.41	77 ± 1.28	77 ± 1.02	−1 (−0.63,0.33)	0.526	−1 (−0.66, 0.34)	0.527	−0 (−0.5 1, 0.50)	0.979
Intervention-month 6	72 ± 1.44	78 ± 1.27	78 ± 1.01	−6 (−1.01,−0.04)	0.034	−6 (−1.06, −0.04)	0.033	−0 (−0.53, 0.48)	0.919
Intervention-month 9	70 ± 1.26	76 ± 1.34	74 ± 1.3 1	−6 (−1.07,−0.07)	0.026	−4 (−0.85,0.19)	0.210	2 (−0.29, 0.76)	0.327
Follow-up-month 12	68 ± 1.51	76 ± 1.28	73 ± 1.29	−8 (−1.28,−0.23)	0.005	−5 (−1.01,0.08)	0.094	3 (−0.26, 0.84)	0.295
Systolic blood pressure (SBP; mmHg)	n = 49	n = 52	n = 42
Baseline	131.08 ± 16.73	142.25 ± 17.62	138.21 ± 17.90	−1 1.17 (−18.02,−4.32)	0.002	−7.13 (−14.37,0.10)	0.053	4.04 (−3.10, 11.18)	0.266
Intervention-month 3	133.53 ± 13.35	141.83 ± 16.21	138.95 ± 16.56	−8.30 (−14.36,−2.24)	0.008	−5.42 (−1 1.82,0.98)	0.096	2.87 (−3.44, 9.19)	0.370
Intervention-month 6	131.57 ± 12.92	141.40 ± 1 1.85	139.14 ± 14.99	−9.83 (−15.03,−4.64)	<0.001	−7.57 (−1 3.06, −2.09)	0.007	2.26 (−3.15,9.67)	0.410
Intervention-month 9	132.8 ± 12.44	142.73 ± 14.04	139.19 ± 16.973	−9.94 (−15.63,−4.24)	0.001	−6.40 (−12.41,−0.38)	0.037	3.54 (−2.39, 9.47)	0.240
Follow-up-month 12	132.69 ± 16.65	142.77 ± 16.24	141.76 ± 16.37	−10.08 (−16.54,−3.61)	0.002	−9.08 (−15.89, −2.24)	0.010	1.01 (−5.73,7.74)	0.768
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mmHg)	n = 49	n = 52	n = 42
Baseline	76.57 ± 6.90	80.15 ± 6.91	78.3 1 ± 67.93	−3.58 (−6.42, −0.74)	0.014	−1.74 (−4.74, 1.26)	0.254	1.84 (−1.12,4.81)	0.220
Intervention-month 3	78.86 ± 5.56	79.29 ± 6.5 1	78.57 ± 7.49	−0.43 (−3.00,2.13)	0.740	0.29 (−2.42, 2.99)	0.835	0.72 (−1.96,3.39)	0.597
Intervention-month 6	75.18 ± 7.62	77.96 ± 8.58	79.6 ± 5.55	−2.78 (−5.72,0.16)	0.064	−4.41 (−7.52,−1.31)	0.006	−1.63 (−4.70, 1.43)	0.294
Intervention-month 9	75.08 ± 7.45	79.17 ± 7.96	78.93 ± 6.79	−4.09 (−7.03,−1.16)	0.007	−3.85 (−6.95, −0.75)	0.015	−0.24 (−2.81, 3.30)	0.875
Follow-up-month 12	74.39 ± 6.21	79.33 ± 7.77	78.93 ± 7.88	−4.94 (−7.82, −2.06)	0.001	−4.54 (−7.58, −1.50)	0.004	0.40 (−2.60, 3.40)	0.793
Weight (kg)	n = 46	n = 48	n = 44
Baseline	87.95 ± 18.28	82.53 ± 18.04	8I.I7± 1 1.97	5.42 (−1.29, 12.13)	0.1 12	6.78 (−0.07, 1 3.64)	0.052	1.36 (−5.42,8.15)	0.692
Intervention-month 3	87.92 ± 18.19	83.22 ± 18.39	80.65 ± 12.54	4.70 (−2.10, 1 1.51)	0.174	7.27 (0.31, 14.22)	0.041	2.57 (−4.32, 9.45)	0.462
Intervention-month 6	87.62 ± 18.48	83.38 ± 18.29	80.53 ± 13.06	4.24 (−2.65, 1 1.12)	0.226	7.09 (0.06, 14.13)	0.048	2.85 (−4.11,9.82)	0.419
Intervention-month 9	88.98 ± 18.29	84.15 ± 18.91	81.30 ± 12.22	4.84 (−2.03, 1 1.71)	0.166	7.68 (0.66, 14.70)	0.032	2.84 (−4.1 1,9.79)	0.420
Follow-up-month 12	92.60 ± 23.65	83.72 ± 19.58	82.30 ± 12.17	8.88 (1.06, 16.70)	0.026	10.30 (2.31, 18.29)	0.012	1.42 (−6.49,9.33)	0.724
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	n = 34	n = 31	n = 26
Baseline	196.06 ± 121.98	209.52 ± 94.54	171.77 ± 96.99	1 3.46 (−65.92, 39.00)	0.661	24.30 (−30.75, 79.33)	0.383	37.75 (−18.43,93.93)	0.185
Intervention-month 12	173.88 ± 1 10.13	248.65 ± 1 14.09	179.15 ± 84.15	74.76 (−126.52,−23.01)	0.005	−5.27 (−59.57, 49.02)	0.847	69.49(14.07, 124.91)	0.015

IG: intervention group; CG: control group; ACG: attention control group; RM-ANOVA: repeated-measures analysis of variance; LSD: least square difference.

Significance tests used were RM-ANOVA with LSD post hoc tests for between-group pairwise comparisons.