Figure 2.

PI3K signaling pathway. Cytokine, growth factor (RKT), hormones and intergrins are prime extra-cellular signals, which tend to transmit via suited pathways to control various cellular processes, like autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, angiogenesis, motility, angiogenesis, and senescence. BAD, Bcl-2-associated death promoter; FOXO, Forkhead box protein O; GPCR, G protein coupled receptors; GSK3, Glycogen synthase kinase 3; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LKB1, Liver kinase B1; MDM2, Mouse double minute 2 homolog; mTOR C1, Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PDK1, Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases; PIP3, Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate; RHEB, Ras homolog enriched in brain; RTK, Receptor tyrosine kinase; TCS1/2, Two-component signal transduction protein 1/2.