The effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on HepG2 cell cycle and apoptosis using flow cytometry. Cells were treated with TMP at a concentration of 700 µmol/L for 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. (A) Cell cycle distribution and (B) cell number percentage in each phase (subG1, G0/G1, S, and G2/M) were detected and calculated. (C) Images and (D) quantification of apoptotic cells were analyzed and expressed. Data are presented as mean ± SD from triplicate samples. *P < .05, **P < .01 compared with the control group.