Table 2.
Bias Assessment of Cohort and Uncontrolled Studiesa.
| Study | Selection | Comparability | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sekine 2005 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆☆ |
| Cesario 2007 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆ | ☆☆☆ |
| Coats 2013 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆ | |
| Jones 2007 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆ | |
| Peddle-Mclntyre 2012 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆☆ | |
| Reisenberg and Lubbe 2010 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆ | |
| Jones 2008 | ☆☆☆ | ☆☆ |
a
The Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale Cohort Studies. In the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, studies are assigned up to 4 stars for selection, 2 for comparability, and 3 for outcome. For uncontrolled studies, the maximum available stars in the Newcastle-Ottawa scale is 3 for selection, 0 for comparability, and 3 for outcome.