Table 1.
Sleep Parameters at Baseline (PRE) and After 3 Months (POST) for Intervention Group (IG) Versus Control Group (CG)a.
| Parameters | IG |
CG |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE | POST | Effect of Time | PRE | POST | Effect of Time | |
| SE (%) | 84.4 ± 4.3 | 84.6 ± 4.9 | ns | 85.2 ± 5.2 | 80.7 ± 6.0 | P < .001b |
| AST (minutes) | 392.6 ± 42.4 | 386.1 ± 42.2 | P = .03c | 402.1 ± 37.5 | 374.1 ± 40.3 | P = .03c |
| IT (%) | 88.4 ± 3.5 | 87.1 ± 4.4 | ns | 87.8 ± 3.6 | 83.7 ± 5.3 | P < .001d |
| MAS (counts) | 17.7 ± 7.6 | 15.9 ± 6.8 | ns | 13.7 ± 5.2 | 19.2 ± 7.1 | P < .001b |
| AWT (minutes) | 55.6 ± 22.5 | 52.6 ± 20.5 | ns | 49.9 ± 20.4 | 60.3 ± 20.4 | P = .002e |
| MFI | 25.0 ± 7.1 | 27.4 ± 8.0 | P = .02c | 27.2 ± 9.4 | 31.7 ± 10.6 | P = .02c |
| SL (minutes) | 11.7 ± 11.1 | 15.4 ± 9.5 | ns | 15.7 ± 10.0 | 25.1 ± 18.5 | P = .046d |
Abbreviations: SE, sleep efficiency; AST, actual sleep time; IT, immobility time; MAS, mean activity score; AWT, actual wake time; MFI, Movement & Fragmentation Index; SL, sleep latency; ANOVA, analysis of variance; RM-MANOVA, repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance.
Values presented as mean ± SD. No significant differences were observed in the sleep parameters between IG and CG in the PRE condition. See the main text for details about the statistical analyses.
RM-MANOVA followed by univariate analyses that found a significant interaction between group and time. The effect of time was assessed by using paired Student’s t tests with Bonferroni’s correction.
RM-MANOVA followed by univariate analyses that found no interaction between group, but a significant effect of time.
Wilcoxon test.
Mixed ANOVA that found a significant interaction between group and time. The effect of time was assessed by using paired Student’s t tests with Bonferroni’s correction.