Table A1.
Effect of Decision Making and Surgical Skill on Probability of C-Section (Ordinary Least Squares)
| All | Low Risk | High Risk | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decision making | .004 (.002) |
−.011 (.002) |
.019 (.002) |
| Procedural skill difference | .003 (.002) |
.003 (.001) |
.003 (.002) |
| Market price (coefficient 100) | .276 (.226) |
.291 (.249) |
.285 (.221) |
| C-section risk | 1.002 (.007) |
.902 (.069) |
.906 (.009) |
| African American | .050 (.004) |
.047 (.003) |
.050 (.005) |
| Hispanic | .036 (.003) |
.024 (.002) |
.051 (.005) |
| Less than high school | .022 (.003) |
.019 (.002) |
.026 (.005) |
| High school | .026 (.001) |
.022 (.002) |
.032 (.003) |
| Some college | .012 (.001) |
.011 (.002) |
.013 (.002) |
| Married | −.007 (.002) |
−.009 (.003) |
−.006 (.003) |
| Medicaid | .005 (.004) |
.007 (.004) |
.001 (.006) |
| Teen mom | −.013 (.004) |
−.023 (.005) |
.012 (.009) |
| Mother age 25–34 | .019 (.003) |
.028 (.002) |
.005 (.004) |
| Mother age 35+ | .025 (.003) |
.041 (.003) |
.013 (.005) |
| Mother smoked | .007 (.004) |
.010 (.003) |
.004 (.006) |
| Child male | .023 (.001) |
.018 (.001) |
.027 (.002) |
| Child 2nd born | −.013 (.003) |
−.040 (.008) |
.051 (.004) |
| Child 3rd born | −.018 (.003) |
−.043 (.009) |
.032 (.006) |
| Child 4th born or higher | −.022 (.006) |
−.034 (.010) |
.001 (.010) |
| R2 | .410 | .044 | .319 |
| Observations | 968,748 | 469,170 | 499,578 |
Note.—Standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered by 3-digit zip code. Regressions also include indicators for month and year of birth and 3-digit zip code, as well as indicators for missing education, marital status, Medicaid coverage, smoking, parity, and an indicator for birth on a weekday.