Table 3. Names and sample-items for 13 functions measured by the ISAS.

Affect Regulation	…calming myself down.
Anti-Dissociation	…causing pain so I will stop feeling numb.
Anti-Suicide	…putting a stop to suicidal thoughts.
Autonomy	…demonstrating that I do not need to rely on others for help.
Interpersonal Boundaries	…creating a boundary between myself and others.
Interpersonal Influence	…letting others know the extent of my physical pain.
Marking Distress	…creating a physical sign that I feel awful.
Peer Bonding	…fitting in with others.
Revenge	…getting back at someone.
Self-Care	…creating a physical injury that is easier to care for than my emotional distress
Self-Punishment	…expressing anger towards myself for being worthless or stupid.
Sensation Seeking	…doing something to generate excitement or exhilaration.
Toughness	…seeing if I can stand the pain.

Note. Each item begins with the stem “When I harm myself I am…” There are three items for each function.