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(a) Workflow of the DECT-based approach to predict proton SPR in human tissues and (b) corresponding uncertainties related to the DECT method. (1) Calculation of ρe and Z using the DECT HU values; (2) derivation of I from Z through their empirical relationship (shown in figure 2); (3) SPR calculation based on the Bethe-Bloch equation. The uncertainties categorization is discussed in detail in Section 2.2.
