Table 4.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Least Squares Means
| HIV/negative | HIV/exposed | HIV/infected | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Test | Outcome | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Adj Group diffs |
|
| ||||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | P-Value | ||
| KABC_ | KABC Sequential | 86.52 (84.81,88.23) | 85.09 (83.09,87.09) | 85.46 (83.79,87.14) | 84.28 (82.41,86.15) | 79.36 (77.88,80.84) | 79.09 (77.39,80.79) | <0.001 |
| KABC Simultanous | 79.52 (77.79,81.24) | 78.07 (76.02,80.12) | 78.90 (77.07,80.73) | 77.79 (75.78,79.80) | 75.24 (73.65,76.83) | 74.97 (72.97,76.97) | 0.01 | |
| KABC Learning | 89.87 (87.48,92.25) | 87.83 (84.91,90.75) | 88.32 (85.88,90.77) | 87.24 (84.99,89.48) | 82.22 (80.24,84.20) | 81.79 (79.39,84.18) | <0.001 | |
| KABC Planning | 80.83 (78.00,83.66) | 72.75 (65.35,80.15) | 76.81 (73.85,79.77) | 69.80 (61.50,78.11) | 71.81 (69.99,73.63) | 67.44 (61.50,73.39) | 0.01 | |
| KABC Delayed recall | 89.63 (87.16,92.10) | 88.57 (86.03,91.11) | 89.83 (87.52,92.15) | 89.39 (87.35,91.42) | 83.15 (81.17,85.13) | 83.85 (81.67,86.02) | <0.001 | |
| KABC Nonverbal index | 79.02 (77.32,80.72) | 78.82 (77.10,80.54) | 78.37 (76.68,80.06) | 78.02 (76.27,79.77) | 72.05 (70.61,73.49) | 72.69 (71.11,74.27) | <0.001 | |
| KABC Mental processing index | 80.89 (79.18,82.60) | 79.25 (77.40,81.09) | 79.14 (77.50,80.78) | 78.12 (76.43,79.81) | 73.18 (71.86,74.50) | 72.86 (71.24,74.48) | <0.001 | |
| KABCR | KABC Conceptual thinking raw score | 13.05 (12.26,13.84) | 12.57 (11.81,13.33) | 12.84 (12.01,13.68) | 12.60 (11.88,13.33) | 10.78 (10.04,11.52) | 11.02 (10.26,11.77) | <0.001 |
| KABC Story completion raw score | 6.13 (5.38,6.87) | 5.75 (5.09,6.41) | 5.34 (4.75,5.93) | 5.10 (4.56,5.63) | 4.10 (3.75,4.45) | 4.25 (3.78,4.71) | <0.001 | |
| KABC Pattern reasoning raw score | 6.33 (5.60,7.06) | 5.82 (5.20,6.44) | 6.07 (5.36,6.77) | 5.79 (5.22,6.37) | 4.48 (3.94,5.02) | 4.62 (4.00,5.25) | <0.001 | |
| KABC Face recognition raw score | 11.83 (11.28,12.38) | 11.23 (10.65,11.82) | 11.40 (10.82,11.99) | 10.91 (10.29,11.53) | 10.29 (9.75,10.83) | 10.35 (9.73,10.97) | 0.03 | |
| KABC Hand movements raw score | 7.09 (6.68,7.51) | 6.81 (6.37,7.25) | 7.29 (6.88,7.70) | 7.07 (6.69,7.45) | 6.05 (5.73,6.36) | 5.97 (5.60,6.34) | <0.001 | |
| BOT-2 | BOT-2: Total score | 52.56 (51.44,53.69) | 51.96 (50.79,53.14) | 52.71 (51.58,53.84) | 51.80 (50.67,52.93) | 48.38 (47.30,49.47) | 48.59 (47.45,49.72) | <0.001 |
| TOVA | TOVA ADHD | 0.27 (−0.11,0.65) | 0.13 (−0.33,0.58) | 0.51 (0.11,0.90) | 0.43 (−0.02,0.87) | −0.51 (−0.91,−0.10) | −0.60 (−1.05,−0.16) | <0.001 |
| TOVA Response time variability (msec) | 238.49 (228.49,248.49) | 242.50 (232.24,252.76) | 234.73 (225.27,244.20) | 241.07 (232.06,250.08) | 263.39 (253.44,273.34) | 264.56 (254.70,274.42) | <0.001 | |
| TOVA Response time (msec) | 642.36 (622.55,662.17) | 650.36 (631.66,669.06) | 647.90 (624.12,671.67) | 660.76 (640.80,680.72) | 690.92 (670.69,711.15) | 689.65 (669.95,709.35) | <0.001 | |
| TOVA Commission (%) | 8.97 (8.03,9.92) | 9.23 (8.19,10.28) | 9.19 (8.34,10.05) | 9.71 (8.76,10.67) | 10.20 (9.33,11.07) | 10.55 (9.53,11.56) | 0.09 | |
| TOVA Omission (%) | 12.12 (10.04,14.20) | 13.49 (11.14,15.85) | 12.67 (10.77,14.58) | 14.34 (12.40,16.28) | 19.72 (17.13,22.30) | 20.60 (18.00,23.19) | <0.001 | |
| TOVA D Prime | 2.89 (2.75,3.02) | 2.78 (2.64,2.92) | 2.83 (2.70,2.96) | 2.71 (2.58,2.85) | 2.47 (2.33,2.60) | 2.41 (2.29,2.54) | <0.001 | |
| TOVA D-prime standard score | 87.89 (86.16,89.61) | 86.96 (84.93,88.98) | 88.26 (86.43,90.09) | 86.88 (84.88,88.89) | 82.54 (80.74,84.34) | 81.60 (79.59,83.60) | <0.001 | |
| BRIEF | BRIEF BRI | 51.83 (50.21,53.46) | 52.38 (50.86,53.90) | 51.24 (49.47,53.01) | 52.12 (50.54,53.70) | 53.00 (51.38,54.63) | 52.28 (50.85,53.72) | 0.97 |
| BRIEF MI | 49.76 (48.24,51.28) | 50.78 (49.29,52.28) | 51.87 (50.12,53.62) | 53.20 (51.51,54.88) | 52.09 (50.45,53.72) | 51.63 (50.15,53.12) | 0.07 | |
| BRIEF GEC | 50.55 (49.02,52.08) | 51.43 (50.00,52.85) | 51.52 (49.79,53.26) | 52.80 (51.23,54.38) | 53.19 (51.51,54.87) | 52.53 (51.04,54.03) | 0.34 | |
Note: Multivariate models adjust for effects with univariable p-values < 0.20