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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov 7;112(12):1868–1876. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2017.398

Table 2.

Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Incident Diverticulitis

Lifestyle Factors Pearson-Years Cases, No. Incidence per 100,000 Person-Years1 Age-adjusted RR2 (95% CI) p for trend3 Multivariable RR4 (95% CI) p for trend3
Total red meat intake
 1st quintile 158,221 131 82 1.00 [Reference] <0.001 1.00 [Reference] 0.026
 2nd quintile 147,704 180 120 1.45 (1.16, 1.83) 1.31 (1.04, 1.65)
 3rd quintile 148,006 207 138 1.62 (1.30, 2.03) 1.43 (1.13, 1.80)
 4th quintile 152,080 178 116 1.40 (1.12, 1.76) 1.21 (0.94, 1.56)
 5th quintile 151,780 211 137 1.65 (1.32, 2.05) 1.43 (1.10, 1.85)
Dietary fiber intake
 1st quintile 151,096 213 136 1.00 [Reference] <0.001 1.00 [Reference] 0.005
 2nd quintile 151,410 199 132 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) 1.00 (0.82, 1.21)
 3rd quintile 151,377 197 128 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) 1.02 (0.83, 1.24)
 4th quintile 151,949 167 106 0.76 (0.62, 0.93) 0.88 (0.71, 1.09)
 5th quintile 151,959 131 83 0.59 (0.48, 0.74) 0.77 (0.60, 0.98)
Vigorous physical activity5
 No vigorous activity 314,327 452 141 1.00 [Reference] <0.001 1.00 [Reference] 0.003
 1st quartile 106,695 125 116 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) 0.88 (0.72, 1.08)
 2nd quartile 117,437 136 114 0.81 (0.67, 0.99) 0.87 (0.72, 1.06)
 3rd quartile 107,958 94 87 0.61 (0.48, 0.76) 0.67 (0.53, 0.84)
 4th quartile 111,374 100 93 0.63 (0.51, 0.79) 0.73 (0.58, 0.92)
Body mass index
 BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 325,490 321 97 1.00 [Reference] <0.001 1.00 [Reference] 0.036
 BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 350,146 454 127 1.27 (1.10, 1.46) 1.15 (0.99, 1.33)
 BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 82,155 132 157 1.46 (1.19, 1.80) 1.21 (0.97, 1.49)
Smoking
 Never smoker 399,444 433 108 1.00 [Reference] <0.001 1.00 [Reference] 0.003
 0.1–4.9 pack-years 43,539 32 74 0.70 (0.48, 1.01) 0.69 (0.48, 1.01)
 5–19.9 pack-years 130,870 160 123 1.13 (0.94, 1.36) 1.11 (0.92, 1.33)
 20–39.9 pack-years 117,745 172 143 1.32 (1.10, 1.58) 1.21 (1.00, 1.45)
 ≥ 40 pack-years 66,193 110 163 1.48 (1.19, 1.85) 1.27 (1.01, 1.58)

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risks.

1

Incidence is directly standardized to age distribution (in 5-year age group) of all the participants.

2

Adjusted for age and questionnaire cycle.

3

Calculated using continuous variables.

4

Additionally adjusted for total energy intake (quintiles), regular use of aspirin, NSAID, acetaminophen, red meat, dietary fiber, vigorous physical activity, body mass index, and smoking status.

5

Vigorous physical activity is categorized as 0 for participants without vigorous physical activity plus 4 quartiles (Q1–Q4) among participants with non-zero vigorous physical activity.