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. 2017 Dec 19;7:17763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18113-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression levels of NF-kB and protein levels of NF-kB in both groups. (a,b,a’ and b’) p65 immunostaining on day 4 was performed to examine production of NF-kB. PPARα group had lower expression levels of NF-kB compared with vehicle group. Frames a’ and b’ show higher magnification pictures of boxed areas in frames a and b. Vehicle group exhibited strong staining in nucleus of inflammatory cells and vascular endothelial cells compared with PPARα group (black arrows; a’,b’). Bar, 50 μm (a,b); 20 μm (a’,b’). (c) p65 protein levels in corneas from 6 hours to day 4 after injury was investigated using western blotting. (d) Amounts of each protein on day 4 were quantified with results and expressed as ratios to β-actin (control) protein amounts. The PPARα group had significantly less expression of NF-kB compared with the vehicle group. *Indicates significance at P < 0.05.