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. 2017 Dec 19;7:17833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17495-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reproduction of mutants of genes in TGF-ß pathway and JAK/STAT pathways on C. elegans exposed to TiO₂NPs, UV and UV + TiO₂NPs. Reproduction was investigated by counting the number of offspring 72-h after exposure to TiO₂NPs, UV and UV + TiO₂NPs on TGF-ß pathway genes mutants (daf-7 (CB1372), daf-1 (DR40) and daf-5 (PJ1185)) and JAK/STAT pathway genes mutants (sta-1 (RB796), sos-1 (UP604) and sem-5 (MT4185)) C. elegans. The results were expressed as the mean value compared to Control for each mutant. (Control = 1, n = 8; mean standard error of the mean; two-tailed t-test, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).