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. 2017 Dec 19;7:17753. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18101-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Deletion mapping and mutagenesis analysis for TPA-responsive element in MMP9 promoter. HepG2 cells were transfected with pGL3 vector, the indicated MMP9 promoter plasmids including full length promoter (MMP9-950) (A,B,C), various 5′ deleted promoters (A,B), or mutant promoters with alteration on the putative binding region of indicated transcriptional factors (C) for 24 h. Subsequently, the cells were untreated or treated with 50 nM TPA for 12 h and then dual luciferase assay were performed. The relative fold of TPA induction for each promoter were quantitated as the activity of TPA treated vs untreated (demonstrated on the right panel), taking the data of pGL3 as 1.0. (**^,*) represent the statistically significant difference (p < 0.005, p < 0.05, respectively, N = 4) of relative TPA-induced promoter activity between each of the indicated samples and the full length promoter (MMP9-950) group.