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. 2017 Dec 19;7:17821. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17570-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Adhesion to and invasion of Caco-2 and HEp-2 cells by a transporter mutant. The percentage of adherent cells of L. monocytogenes EGDe and EGDe Δlmo1131-1132 to approximately 2.5 × 10⁵ eukaryotic Caco-2 cells (a) or HEp-2 cells (b) was analyzed for a MOI of 10. The number of adherent EGDe cells was set to 100%. (c,d) The percentage of invasive and replicating cells of L. monocytogenes EGDe and EGDe Δlmo1113-1132 was determined. Approximately 2.5 × 10⁵ eukaryotic Caco-2 or HEp-2 cells were infected with a MOI of 10, and the numbers of intracellular bacterial cells were determined 1, 3.5 and 7 h p.i. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three biologically independent experiments including technical replicates. Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed student’s t-test with Welch’s correction; NS, not significant.