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. 2017 Nov 22;34(12):2596–2613. doi: 10.1007/s11095-017-2308-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — A simple control loop with the related four challenges (I-IV) of process development and the process lifecycle. Challenge I is the generation and storage of knowledge within models. Challenge II is the process monitoring. Challenge III is the determination of optimal process conditions for different applications and IV the continuous improvement of a process by data mining tools.